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Chapter 13 - Spectroscopy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| spectroscopy | process of measuring the E differences btwn the possible states of a molecular system by determining the freq of electromagnetic radiation (light) absorbed by the molecules |
| IR spec | measures molecular vibrations (stretching, bending, rotation); must be a change in dipole moment so Br2 wouldnt show up |
| fingerprint region | 1500-400cm |
| Alcohol absorption | 3300cm |
| Carbonyl abs | 1700cm |
| ethers abs | 1100cm |
| spec used for | identification of functional groups |
| ketones abs | 1700cm |
| acids abs | 2900-3300cm broad |
| amines | sharp, 3100-3500cm |
| NMR Spec | nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; nuclei placed in magnetic field and align either with or against the direction of the field |
| Alpha state | when it aligns with the field; low E |
| Beta state | when nuclei aligns against the field; high E |
| what is planted on x-axis for NMR | chemical shift in ppm |
| coupling/splitting on spectrum | when different protons are within 3 bonds of each other |
| doublet | two peaks of equal intensity equally spaced around true chemical shift |
| UV Spec | useful for compunds with double bonds and hetero atoms with lone pairs |
| Mass Spec | use an e- beam to ionize sample, accelerator to put the ions in flight and a magnetic field to deflect ions and detector counts the number of particles of each mass |
| whats on the x-axis for mass spec | mass/charge; m/q |
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