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Chapter 8 - Aldehydes and Ketones
Term | Definition |
---|---|
aldehyde | COH; carbaldehyde, formyl |
Ketone | COC; one or oxo |
oxidation to form aldehyde | primary alcohol with Jones reagent or anything Cr/PCC |
oxidation to form ketone | secondary alcohol with chromium agents or PCC |
Friedel-Crafts Acylation | R-CO-Ar |
tautomers | differ only in the placement of a proton; keto vs enols |
enols | ene +ol; double bond + alcohols |
enolization | interconverting keto and enol tautomers |
Adding water to aldehyde or ketone | creates a gem diol |
adding alcohol to aldehyde or ketone | creates acetals and ketals |
Cyanohydrin | when HCN is added to aldehyde or ketone |
Ammonia added to aldehyde or ketone | creates a N double bonded to a C and water comes off |
aldol | aldehyde + alcohol; when heated, forms alkene and water |
Witting Rxn | rxn that leads to CC double bond by converting aldehydes and ketones into alkenes; ylide |
Reduction of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols | use LAH or NaBH4 |
Wolff-Kishner Reduction | reducing aldehydes and ketones to alkanes; first H2NNH2 is added and then its heated to form alkane |
Clemmensen Reduction | when aldehyde or ketone is heated with Zinc and HCl to form alkane |