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Chapter 2 - Isomers
Term | Definition |
---|---|
isomers | chemical compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in structure |
structural isomers | compounds that share only their molecular formula |
stereoisomers | same formula and the same atomic connectivity |
geometric isomers | differ in whether it is cis or trans |
Z | cis/same side |
E | trans/opposite side |
chirality | object that is not superimposable upon its mirror image |
achiral | mirror images that can be superimposed; like the letter A |
enantiomers | chiral mirror images; optically active |
R | clockwise order of substituents, right turn with steering wheel |
S | counterclockwise order of substituents, left turn with steering wheel |
Fischer Projections | 2D representation of 3D molecule; horizontal lines come out of the page; Hydrogen should be vertical |
Meso Compounds | not optically active, plane of symmetry |
+/D | rotates polarized light to the right |
-/L | rotates polarized light to the left |
diastereomers | stereoisomers that are not mirror images |
conformational isomers | differ by rotation about one or more single bonds |
Newman Projection | representation of different configurations |
most stable configuration | anti staggered |
Gauche | 60 degrees apart |
Eclipsed | 120 degrees apart |
Totally eclipsed | 0 degrees apart, right behind each other |
most stable configuration for cyclohexane | chair, boat is second |