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Patho Ch9 PopQuiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| t/f? cardiac myocytes contract during diastole to eject blood from the ventricle, and relax during systole to allow the ventricle to fill. | false: myocytes contract during systole and relax during diastole |
| t/f? the tricuspid and mitral valve leaflets are tethered by chordae tendinae to papillary muscles | true |
| put the following in order from superior to inferior: right and left bundle branches, AV node, SA node, Bundle of His | SA node, AV nodes, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches |
| What causes stenosis? regurgitation? | stenosis is failure of the valves to open, and maybe caused by calcification. Regurgitation is failure of the valves to close, and may be caused by dilation of valves. |
| Which of the four major waveforms is not visible on an ECG | the small wave of atrial repolarization |
| what are the five principal mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction | pump failure: obstructed flow: regurgitant flow: shunted flow: abnormal conduction |
| t/f? the most common cause of right-sided heart failure is left-sided heart failure. | true |
| what happens to the ejection fraction in systolic heart failure? | the ejection fraction decreases in systolic heart failure. |
| is pulmonary edema associated with right-sided or left-sided heart failure? | left sided heart failure |
| what lifestyle changes are important in the treatment/prevention of heart failure? | weight loss, cessation of smoking and decreased sodium intake are important in the treatment/prevention of heart failure. |
| t/f? a blood test for troponins is more specific in detecting a myocardial infarct than a blood test for creatine kinase | true |
| t/f? ischemia can occur without coronary artery disease | true: in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
| t/f? ECG abnormalities mean a myocardial infarct has occurred. | False: angina can also cause ECG abnormalities |
| what is the difference b/w stable and unstable angina | stable angina occurs with exertion, and is relieved by rest of nitroglycerin. Unstable angina occurs unprovoked and may arise at rest. |
| what are the main elements of the treatment of an MI? | oxygen, bed rest, opiates, nitrates, beta-blockers, antiplatelet or fibronolytic drugs, and/or surgical intervetion |
| t/f? streptococcal bacterial endocarditis is less virulent than staphylococcal | true |
| t/f? noninfective thrombotic endocarditis is most commonly found in people with lupus or in severely debilitated patients | true |
| what causes rheumatic heart disease? | streptococcal pharyngitis in which antibodies against group A strep cross-react with self-antigens of the heart and joints. |
| what are the two most common valvular diseases? | aortic stenosis and mitral valve prolapse |
| t/f? half of the cases of hyptertrophic cardiomyopathy are the result of an autosomal dominant gene defect. | true |
| what is the most common cause of myocarditis | viral infection with coxsackie A or B virus |
| t/f? the most frequent cause of pericarditis is a myocardial infarct | true |
| t/f? the most common right-to-left shunt is a ventricular septal defect | false: it is the tetralogy of Fallot. Ventricular septal defect, the most common cardiac shunt, is a left-to-right shunt. |
| t/f? coarctation is associated with high blood pressure in the upper extremities and low blood pressure in the legs | true |
| a continuous machinery-like murmur characterizes what shunt? | patent ductus arteriosus |
| during what fetal weeks do most congenital heart malformations arise? | weeks 3-8 |
| what are the major differences between adult and fetal circulation | oxygenated blood flows in veins from the placenta to the fetal heart: oxygenated blood is mixed with deoxygenated blood in most of the circulation: and little blood flows through the lungs (as it is shunted through the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosis) |
| t/f? the most common primary cardiac tumor is a myxoma | true |
| t/f? when resting, conditioned athletes may have sinus bradycardia | true |
| t/f? any beat that originates at the site other than the SA node is said to be an ectopic beat | true |
| t/f? in a junctional dysrhythmia, the ectopic beats originate near the SA node. | false: junctional dysrhythmias originate near the AV node. |
| what arrhythmia is characterized by the phrase "irregularly irregular"? | atrial fibrillation |
| which electrolyte disturbances are capable of causing arrhythmias? | low magnesium and low potassium |
| which variety of atrioventricular block is characterized by a complete dissociation of P waves and QRS complexes? | third-degree block. |
Created by:
tangerina
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