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Science 2014 final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Scientific method | an organized plan for gathering, organizing, and communicating information |
| Observation | information obtained through one's eyes |
| Theory | well-tested explanation for a set of observations |
| Law | a statement accepted as true that describes phenomena |
| Matter | anything that has mass and volume |
| Elements | susbtances made of one kind of atom |
| Atomic # | number of protons in the nucleus |
| Isotopes | same element with a different number of neutrons |
| Element cloud | a space where electrons can be found |
| Pure substances | inclue elements and compounds |
| Compounds | two or more atoms joined in a certain ratio |
| Mixture | more than one substance in no particular ratio |
| Viscosity | tendency of a liquid to resist flowing |
| Conductivity | able to allow heat to flow |
| Malleability | ability to be hammered into sheets |
| Hardness | resistance to being scratches |
| Flammability | ability to burn |
| Reactivity | how a substance combines with other substance |
| Solid | definite shape definite volume |
| Liquids | definite volume and take shape of their contanier |
| Gas | no shape no volume |
| Plasma | electrically charged particles found at extremely high temps |
| Length | measurement of the extent of something |
| Volume | amount of space that an object takes up |
| Mass | amount of matter in an object |
| Temperature | measure of the average kinetic energy |
| Density | the amount of mass per unit of volume less dense=float more dense=sink |
| Periodic table arrangement | increasing atomic # |
| Period | horizontal row of elements |
| Family | columns of elements |
| Metals | good heat conductors shiny dutile(can be stretched into thin wires) malleable |
| Non-metals | poor conductors not malleable or futile brittle dull gases |
| Metalloids | solid shiny or dull can conduct heat but not as good as metals\ ductile and malleable |
| Valence electrons | electrons in the outer energy leval |
| Core electrons | those electrons in the energy level below the valence electrons |
| Octet rule | 8 in outer level is stable |
| Duet rule | hydrogen and helium only need two outer valence electrons |
| Ionic bond | transfer of electrons |
| Covalent bond | sharing of electrons |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances mixed evenly through out |
| Solute | substance being dissolved |
| Solvent | substance that does the dissolving |
| Affects the rate of the solutions | heat crush stir |
| Unsaturated | not enough solute |
| Saturated | the right amount of solute |
| Supersaturated | too much solute |
| Acids | sour reactions with metals PH of 1-6 |
| Base | bitter slippery feel PH of 8-14 |
| Distance | the length of the path between two point |
| Displacement | the length in a straight line from starting point to the end |
| Speed | the ration of distance an object moves |
| Acceleration | the rate at which velocity changes |
| Gravity | 9.8 m/s^2 |
| Terminal velocity | the highest velocity that can be reached by a falling object |
| Force | a push or a pull |
| Friction | a force opposing motion types: static sliding rolling fluid |
| Gravity | a property of all matter |
| First law of motion | all matter has the property of intertia |
| Second law of motion | F=MxA |
| Third law of motion | action/reaction |
| Weight | the pull of gravity on mass |
| Energy | the ability to do work |
| Mechanical energy | sum of its kinetic and potential energy |
| Kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| Potential energy | stored energy |
| Energy conversion | changing energy from one form to another |
| The Law of Conservation of Energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed |
| Heat | transfer of thermal energy |
| Specific heat | amount of heat need to rise the temp |
| Conduction | heat transfer through objects that are touching |
| Convection | heat transfer through a fluid medium |
| Radiation | heat transfer through a form of waves |
| Law of thermodynamics | 1. all heat energy in a system is conserved 2. Heat travels from hot to cold 3.abso;ute value cannot be reached |
| Waves | a rhythmic disturbance that transfers energy |
| Crest | high points in a transverse wave |
| Trough | low points in a transverse wave |
| Wavelength | the distance from crest to crest or trough to trough |
| Frequency | the number of crest to pass a loin in one second |
| Reflection | a wave strikes a barrier and is bounced back |
| Refraction | the bending of light waves as they travel from one medium to another |
| Opaque object | transmits no light |
| Transparent | transmits all light |
| translucent | transmits some light |
| Cell theory | 1. all living things are made of cells 2. cells are the basic units of structure and function 3. all cells come from other cells |
| Cells | basic unit of life |
| Eukaryotic | cells that have a nucleus |
| passive transport | movement through the cell membrane needs no energy is needed |
| active transport | movement through the cell membrane needs energy has to be expanded |
| Homeostasis | steady state or balance |
| Diffusion | molecules of a solute move from a area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Osmosis | molecules of a solute move from a area of low concentration to an area of high concentration |
| Plasmosis | water diffuses out of a cell and turgor pressure is lost |
| Turgor pressure | a tern used to describe water pressure within a cell |
| Cytolysis | when cells swell because water pressure in the cell is too great |
| Photosynthesis | the process that plants use to capture light energy from the sun and use it to make their own food C02+H20-------->C6H12O6+O2 |
| Respiration | when energy is obtained by a breakdown of food molecules C6H12O6+02-------->CO2+H20+ATP |
| Mitosis | a cell makes an exact copy of itself 46 chromosomes |
| Meiosis | makes copies of itself with 1/2 of its genetic information 23 chromosomes |
| Genetics | a study of inheritance |
| RNA | ribose adenine pairs with uracil is single stranded |
| DNA | deoxyribose adenine pairs with thymine is double stranded |
| Alleles | different form of a trait that a gene may have |
| Homozygous (pure bread) | an organism with two alleles that are the same |
| Heterozygous (hybrid) | an organism with two different alleles |
| Phenotype | a physical trait |
| Genotype | a gene that we inherit from are parents |
| Punnett square | a tool used to predict the possible genotypes for the offspring |
| Pedigree charts | a family history of a genetic condition |
| Charles darwin | Who wrote Origin of Species? |
| Evolution | A change over time |
| Gregor Mendel | Father of genetics |
| Pea plants | Gregor Mendel cross pollinated these... |
| Fossils | Any evidence that lived long ago |
| classifying organisms | What is taxonomy? |
| Classification levels | Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
| Homo Sapiens | two named classification |
| Ecology | the study of the relationships among organisms and their environment |
| Organism | an individual living thing |
| Population | a group of the same species that lives in one area |
| Community | a group of different species that live in one area |
| Ecosystem | includes all of the organism as well as the climate soil water rocks and other nonliving things in a given ecosystem |
| Biome | a major regional or global community of organisms characterized by the climate conditions and plant communities that thrive there |
| 1.Cells 2. Tissues 3. Organs 4. Organ Systems | levels of organization |
| Respiratory System | what systems function is tobring in oxygen and revoke waste? |
| Circulatory System | what systems function is to pump oxygen rich blood to the cells? |
| Immune System | what systems function is to fight disease? |
| Excretory System | what systems function is to remove chemical waste? |
| Digestive System | what systems function is to take the food you eat and make it into nutrients? |
| Skeletal System | what systems function is to give shape and support to the body, produce red blood cells, stores minerals, and protect organs and soft tissues? |
| Muscular System | what systems function is to control movement? |
| Endocrine System | what systems function is to control many daily activity? |
| Reproductive System | what systems function is to reproduce offspring |
Created by:
morgan_604
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