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integumentary
med surg
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| autoimmune disorder characterized by red skin patches with silvery scales | psoriasis |
| What Tx are available for Herpes? | Acyclovir(Zovirax) to lessen the frequency & length of out breaks * Herpes is NOT curable |
| Sm localized change in the color of skin that is neither raised nor depressed | Macule |
| Sm solid rounded bump rising from the skin< 1 cm | Papule |
| Sm blister on the skin | Vesicle |
| what causes a shingles outbreak? | latent virus from chickenpox residing in the dorsal root or cranial nerve ganglion cells are reactivated ,can be idiopathic, stress induced,from drug injections or llness |
| S/S of Herpes simplex 1 | Vesicles at the corner of the mouth, lips or the nose area usually erthematous, vesicles appear ulcerated & encrusted , may be malaise or fatigue |
| S/S of Herpes simplex type 2 | Vesicles that rupture , encrust causing ulceration's , cervix is the most common site in women |
| S/S herpes simplex type 2 | penis is the most common site for men , flu like symptoms occur 3-4 days after a vesicles erupt headache , fever & anorexia |
| DX for Herpes | skin scraping,lab cultures |
| caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox | herpes varicellae |
| acute viral disease caused by the varicella zoster virus | Shingles |
| sometimes associated with other disease such as pneumonia & lymphoma | Shingles |
| appears as a vesicle eruption that follows the distribution of the sensory nerves causing excruciating pain | Shingles |
| usually confined to one side of the body lasting 7-28 days | Shingles |
| Dx for shingles | isolate virus by a culture & physical exam |
| TX for shingles | Acyclovir to shorten & lesson out breakouts , calamine & antihistamines for itching & PAIN meds |
| parasitic infection characterized by brown wavy lines | Scabies |
| rash caused by staph aureus, staphylococcus,streptococol or mixed bacteria , HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS!! malcules develop into pustular vesicles & crust over into honey colored crusty rash | Impetigo |
| S/S of impetigo | putritis, pain ,Pustular vesicles with honey colored crust |
| Dx of impetigo(contagiosa) | would cultures |
| TX for impetigo | Antiseptic soaps, topical cleansing agents,ABX,encourage good hygene |
| infection of hair follicle by staph | folliculitis |
| a cluster of furnucles (folliculitis infection) | Carbuncles |
| TX for carbuncles | I&D (incision & drain) topical ABX & warm compresses |
| Ringworm of the scalp | Tinea Capitis |
| Ringworm of the body | Tinea Corporis |
| Athletes foot | Tinea Pedis |
| Jock Itch | Tinea Cruris |
| fungal infection, round lesions on the scalp or body w/clear center & erythematous boarders | Ringworm |
| Dx for Tenia Capitis | woods lamp or light causing hair to become brilliantly florescent |
| Tx for fungal infections | topical or oral antifungals (Fulvicin, Griseofulvin), antifugal soaps or shampoos (Tinactin) Miconazole,lotrimin, usually for 2-3 wks |
| What special precautions should be given to women prior to prescribing Accutane | you must NOT become pregnant due to high risk for severe birth defects |
| TX for lice | Kwell, Rid, Nix & Lindane |
| Skin cancer that is highly malignant | Melanoma |
| S/S of med allergies | hives, rash, reddness & itching |
| Raised , shinny overgrowth of scar tissue | Keloid |
| Development or drainage of pus | suppuration |
| Causes for Alopecia | Chemo, drugs, stress, genetics & hormones |
| Nursing interventions for Eczema | keep skin clean, well hydrated, teach pt why they should not scratch, cool dressing to induce vasoconstriction |
| What should you do after being exposed to poison ivy | Rise off the skin and cleans throughly |
| Teaching pt's how to rid house from lice | wash clothing & linens in hot water then dry, bag up stuffed animals & pillows for 2wks |
| Debriding wounds help to prevent? | infection & lesson scaring |
| these burns are blancable | Surperficial / 1st degree |
| Skin graft from own body | Autograft |
| skin graft from a donor | Homograft |
| skin graft from a pig | heterograft |
| what is the critical time for fluid loss in a burn victim? | 1st 12hrs |
| additional risk for electrical burn victims | Cardiac arrest |
| pain meds should be administered to a burn victim via | IV |
| ulcer burn victims are at risk for | Curling's Ulcers |
| Break in skin puts a pt at risk for infection from contact w/bacteria- area becomes reddened & has a stretched skin, edemateous appearance, can cause fever , chills & risk for sepsis | Cellulitis |
| Abnormality of the skin | skin lesion |
| flat reddened bump on the skin | papule |
| blister like growth containing clear serous fluid | vesicle |
| bubble of fluid below the skin | blister |
| Sm blister filled w/pus | pustule |
| Any skin disorder, particularly one that does not involve inflammation | dermatosis |
| acute or chronic inflammation of the skin from any cause (sun burn, allergies, infection) | Dematitis |
| itching | pruritus |
| birthmark or mole | neuos |
| contagious infection of the epidermis, many different varieties(plantar, linear) | warts(verrucae) |
| contagious inflammation of the hair follicle often contracted from hot tubs | |
| open sores & vesicles around the lips & gums very contagious | fever blister (herpes simplex) |
| itchy shallow lesion on the foot & b/w the toes | Tinea Pedis ( athletes Foot) |
| shallow lesions in the groin area | Tinea cruris (jock itch) |
| itchy eruptions that usually affect the webs of the hands, wrist, elbows , gluteal cleft or nipples; papules & vesicles are very common | Scabies |
| itchiness of the scalp,pubic area or other places on the skin | Pedi cuclosis ( crabs) |
| Dx for impetigo | Culture of excudate |
| Tx for impetigo | Antiseptic soaps & cleansing agents (betadine & Hibiclens) ABX ( penicillin) |
| inflammation that begins deep in the hair follicles spreads to the surrounding skin -> location neck , buttocks & axillae | Furuncle(boil) |
| cluster of furuncles -> cause obesity,poor nutrition, poor hygiene & untreated diabetes | carbuncles |
| S/S of carbuncles | pain edema erythematius, 3-4 cores after a few days , infected area becomes shinny center turns yellow |
| chronic skin disorder characterized by oval silvery,plague like scales w/patches of red especially on the scalp, ears & genitalia & over the bony prominence such as the elbows,hands, feet & lower back | psoriasis |
| soft tissue around the finger nail becomes infected(hangnail) | felon |
| superficial infection of the skin | dermatitis |
| Causes for dermatitis | drugs, plants, chemicals, soap, detergents, metal & foods |
| S/S of dermatitis | lesions at the point of contact , pruritus & edema |
| Dx for dermatitis | Hx, skin testing intradermally |
| Tx for dermatitis | Antihistamines (benadryl)corticosteroids (topical & po) |
| never large, little spots or blemishes on the skin,flat,cannot be seen from the side just from above | malcue |
| ingestion of certain mentals such as arsenic & mercury(can be fatal)aspirin, codeine,pcn iron,skin sloughs off area edematous | exfoliative dermatitis |
| sensitivity to medications,erythema w/vesicular eruptions, respiratory ditress | dermatitis medicamentosa |
| presence of wheals or hives, allergic reaction to drugs,food etc.. | urticaria |
| urticaria is caused by | release of histamine in antigen antibody reaction |
| S/S of urticaria | wheals varying in shape & size,pruritus & burning pain |
| local edema of the entire area, such as eyelid,hands , feet ,tongue,GI tract & genitals form of urticaria that occurs under the SQ tissue | angioedema |
| acute contagious skin disease caused by staph or strep esp- in children | impetigo |
| cracks in the skin | fissures |
| areas of the body most susceptible to tinea | warm dark moist enviroments |
| common among children & transmitted by direct contact or fomites such as combs,scarves,hats & bed linen | Pediculosis(lice) |
| transmitted through skin to skin contact | Scabies |
| Atopic Dermatitis | Eczema |
| idiopathic skin disorder causing erythmatous dry & crusted patches on the skin | Eczema |
| tx for eczema | SAIDS |
| idiopathic autoimmune chronic skin disease w/heritary basis,NO CURE | psorasis |
| idiopathic cyclic progressive inflammatory skin disease that causes facial erthyema edema,papules,pustules & pain | Rosacea |
| tx for rosacea | advoidance of triggers(sunlight,stress,wind, extreme temperatures) topical Vit-A (retinol)& oracea |
| clogged subaceous glands | Acne vulgaris |
| comedones(white heads,blackheads)indication noninflammatory acne; pustules indicate inflammatory acne | Acne Vulgaris |
| absence of hair growth | hypotrichosis |
| nails get soft or brittle & shape can change as they grow into the soft tissue | Paronychia(ingrown nails) |
| synthetic graft | snythetic skin substituts |
| comedome | whiteheads or blackheads |
| affects all layers of the skin & some underlying tissue:open wounds w/black charring & white patches of nercrotic tissue leaves a scar | third degree burn |
| affects the epidermis & dermis;redness & blistering can leave a scar | second degree burn |
| affects the epidermis;redness of the skin usually followed sloughing of the skin | first degree burn |
| dark patches or ulceration's of the skin that leads to necrorsis | decubitus ulcer ( bedsore) |
| itchy skin eruptions | urticaria (hives) |
| noncontagious,general inflammation,blister like formations that burst & crust over invovles the scalp,arms,trunk & legs; dry pigmented areas around the elbows & knees | Atopic eczema |
| noncontagious inflammation of the skin & deeper tissues | cellulitis |
| malignant tumor caused by development of neoplastic cells in the superficial layers of skin;appears as firm red ,keratinized tumor on the surface of the skin can metastasize | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| malignant tumor caused by development of neoplastic cells in the basal layer;appears first as a bump & then enlarges,crusts & breaks open,hardly ever metastasizes | Basal cell carcinoma |
| malignant tumor involving melanocytes;may start out as a nevus that enlarges,changes color,ulcerates & bleeds easily;matastasizes | melanoma |
| malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue | carcinoma |
| malignant tumor arising in tissue other than the epithelial tissue | sarcoma |
| benign cartilaginous tumor | chondroma |
| benign growth on the skin or mucous membrane | papilloma |
| benign fatty tumor | lipoma |
| dx test for malignant melonoma | biopsy of the tissue |
| cancerous neoplasm in which the pigment cells invade the epidermis,dermis & sometimes SQ tissue | malignant melonoma |
| firm nodular lesion topped w/crust or central area of ulceration & indurated margins rapid invasion w/metastasis | squamous cell |
| pigmented congential skin blemish | nevi(mole) |
| benign viral ,warty skin lesions w/rough nipple like growth,single or grouped thought to be contagious, located on the hands, fingers , arms but can be anywhere on the body | verruca(wart) |
| group of blood vessels which dilate & form tumor like mass | angioma |
Created by:
carolyne33
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