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Science Final
Review 6th grade
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pangeaea | the name of the singe landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents |
| compression | stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks |
| tension | stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle |
| shearing | stress that pushes a mass of rock in opposite directions |
| Earthquake | the shaking of the Earth's crust, moving as a result of the plates underneath being in motion |
| Richter Scale | A scale that rates seismic waves as measured by a mechanical seismograph. Used in the late 1980's, but is commonly referred to today. The scale used now is the moment magnitude scale (electronic seismograph) |
| Seismic Waves | a vibration that travels through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake (p-waves, s-waves, and surface waves) |
| Fault-Block Mountain | a mountain that forms where two normal faults lift up another block of rock |
| Shield Volcanoes | a wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of thin lava formed by quiet eruptions |
| Cinder Cone Volcano | a steep, cone-shaped hill or mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders and bombs (thick lava from explosive eruptions) piled up around a volcano's opening |
| Composite Volcano | a tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic material |
| Magma | the molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases and water from the mantle |
| crystal | the shape a mineral takes because its atoms are arranged in a definite pattern |
| Moh's Scale | a scale for determining the hardness of a mineral, named after Friedrich Moh |
| Silicates | any member of the largest group of minerals |
| cleavage | the property of some minerals that causes them to easily break along a smooth, flat surface |
| fracture | the property of some minerals that causes them to break unevenly or along a curved surface |
| luster | the way minerals reflect light |
| What are examples of luster? | glassy, earthly, waxy, metallic |
| streak | the colored powder left behind when a mineral is rubbed against an unglazed tile |
| hardness | the property of minerals in which they are tested to see how easily they can be scratched |
| diamond | hardest known mineral. It can scratch all other substances and is rated a 10 on Moh's scale. |
| talc | the softest known mineral that flakes easily when scratched by a fingernail. |
| What is talc used in? | powders |
| quartz | a mineral in the silicate family that is used in watches, computers, glass and as gemstones |
| ore | a rock in which a useful metal is found that can the3n be crushed and melted to remove the useful metal |
| Igneous rock | a rock that is formed from magma or lava that has cooled and hardened |
| Intrusive rock | a type of igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath earth's surface |
| extrusive rock | a type of igneous rock that forms from lava on the earth's surface |
| sedimentary rock | a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed together |
| What are the 4 processes of sedimentary rock? | 1) erosion 2) deposition 3) compaction 4) cementation |
| What is erosion? | the process in which wind or water carries away fragments of rock |
| What is deposition? | the process in which fragments of rock that have been carried by erosion settle in one place |
| What is compaction? | a process in which sediments are squeezed together by pressure |
| What is cementation? | the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together |
| metamorphic rock | a type of rock that forms when existing rock is changed by heat, pressure and chemical reactions into another rock |
| Gneiss | a metamorphic rock that formed from granite |
| Rock Cycle | the process in which rocks change into other types of rock or magma |
| weather (as a verb) | to break down due to weather conditions (like erosion due to wind, water, etc) |
Created by:
11nicholas
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