Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Volcano Earthquake
Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Plate Tectonics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is plate tectonics? | A theory proposed by a Canadian scientist stating that the lithosphere is broken up into pieces. |
| How many plates are there? | There are 7 plates and many other small ones. |
| What are the three types of plate boundaries? | Convergent Plate Boundaries - two plates collide, forming a trench Divergent Plate Boundaries - two plates move away from each other Transform Plate Boundaries - two plates sliding past each other |
| What is stress? | Stress is a force on rock that changes its shape or volume. |
| What is deformation? | A change in a rock's volume or shape that has been caused by stress. |
| What are the three types of stress? | Shearing - a force that pushes rock in two opposite directions away from each other Tension - a force that pulls a rock apart, thinning it and breaking it Compression - a force that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks |
| What is a fault? | A fault is a break in the Earth's crust where slabs of rock slip past each other. |
| What causes faults? | Faults occur at plate boundaries, where forces of plate motion, compress, pull, of shear the crust so much that the crust breaks. |
| What are the three types of faults? | Strike-slip faults - shearing, transform boundaries Normal faults - tension, divergent boundaries Reverse faults - compression, convergent boundaries |
| How do faults change the Earth's surface? | They can build mountains, manifest earthquakes, and manifest rift valleys. |
| What is a volcano? | A volcano is a weak spot in the crust where molten material, magma, comes to the surface. |
| What type of force is a volcano? | A volcano and volcanic activity is a constructive force that adds new rock to existing land and forms new islands. |
| What is magma and lava and how are they different? | Magma - a molten mixture of rock forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle Lava - when magma reaches the surface, it is called lava, and when it cools it forms solid rock |
| What is the Ring of Fire? | Volcanoes form along plate boundaries, and they usually form in belts. The Ring of Fire is a belt of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific plate. |
| What are volcanoes at divergent plate boundaries? | Volcanoes at divergent plate boundaries are usually underwater except for places like Iceland and the Azore Islands. |
| What are volcanoes at convergent plate boundaries? | When two plates meet, one is subducted and begins to melt. The rock that melts is less dense than the surrounding rock, so it starts to move upwards. When this magma breaks, it forms a volcano and this forms an island. |
| What are hot spot volcanoes? | A hot spot is an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through like a blow torch. They re usually far from divergent plate boundaries. The Hawaiian island are a great example of this. |
| Like there are different volcanoes, there are different types of lava. What are some different characteristics of lava. | Some are thick a flow very slowly. Others are fluid and have a lot less silica than the thick lava. |
| What is silica? | Silica is a mixture of silicon and oxygen. |
| What is a quiet eruption? | A quiet eruption is thin, runny lava that oozes quietly from the vent. |
| What types of lava do quiet eruptions produce? | Pahoehoe - fast moving, hot lava Aa - cooler and slower moving lava |
| What is an explosive eruption? | An explosive eruption is caused by thick and sticky magma, which builds up pressure and causes it to pop like a soda bottle. |
| What type of lava does an explosive eruption cause? | Pyroclastic flow, which is very dangerous. |
| What are the three types of volcanoes? | Shield volcano - large crater, quiet eruptions, sloping mountain Cinder Cone volcano - explosive, cone shaped hill, large crater Composite volcano - has alternating layers of lava and ash which causes quiet and explosive eruptions |
| What are the three different scales to measure earthquakes? | Mercalli scale - rates earthquakes according to intensity, but does not work because different intensities are at different places Richter scale - rates sizes of earthquakes using seismographs, not accurate M.M.scale - Richter scale only accurate |
| What are batholiths? | Batholiths are large rock masses that form the core of many mountain ranges. It is formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust. |
| What are dome mountains? | Dome mountains are small bodies of rising magma blocked by horizontal layers of rock. |
| What are landforms that magma can create? | Volcanic necks, dikes, sills, batholiths, and dome mountains. |
| What is a hot spring? | A hot spring is a pool of groundwater heated by magma. |
| What is a geyser? | A geyser is a fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground. |
| What is a caldera? | A caldera is a hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain. |
Created by:
Sarahelena
Popular Earth Science sets