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HLTH ch. 7
body fluids and immunity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| homeo | sameness; constant |
| kali | potassium |
| natro | sodium |
| homeostasis | homeo means same, stasis in this case means controlling; relative constancy in the internal environment of the body |
| hydrocephaly/hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the skull, causing enlargement of the head, mental retardation, and convulsions |
| shunt | redirect the flow of a body fluid from one cavity or vessel to another |
| intravascular | within a vessel |
| hidro | sweat, perspiration |
| pyo | pus |
| sialo | saliva, salivary glands |
| secretion | discharging a chemical substance needed by the body into a cavity |
| mucus | slippery secretion of glands within mucous membranes |
| anemia | deficiency in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin |
| abscess | localized collection of pus in a cavity surrounded by inflamed tissue |
| necrosis | localized tissue death in response to injury or disease |
| necro | death |
| purulent | discharges from infected tissue; pertaining to, consisting of, or producing pus |
| suppurative | discharges from infected tissue; pertaining to, consisting of, or producing pus |
| sanguinous | containing blood |
| hematoma | localized collection of blood, resulting from a break in the wall of a blood vessel |
| hyperemia | excess of blood in part of the body caused by increased blood flow |
| hematologic | pertaining to hematology or the study of blood |
| karyo | nucleus |
| philo | attraction |
| -ant | that which causes |
| -ate | to cause an action or the result of an action |
| -pnea | breathing |
| -poiesis | production |
| -poietin | that which causes production |
| hematopoiesis | production of blood, specifically the formation and development of its cells |
| bone marrow failure | red bone marrow does not produce blood cells, "failure of the hematopoietic function of bone marrow" |
| coagulation | formation of a blood clot |
| corpuscle | any small mass or cell |
| in vitro | occurring in a laboratory test tube or glass, or occurring in an artificial environment, or outside the body |
| in vivo | occurring in a living organism |
| blood platelets | thrombocytes (cell fragment that initiates the formation of a clot) |
| buffy coat | layer that is made up of leukocytes and platelets |
| hemocrit | measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood |
| thrombus | blood clot that is attached to a vessel wall and tends to obstruct a blood vessel or cavity of the heart |
| erythrocytes | transport oxygen to body cells and pick up carbon dioxide for excretion |
| nucleoid | resembling a nucleus |
| erythropoietin | hormone produced in kidneys and acts on stem cells in the bone marrow to stimulate erythropoiesis |
| erythrocytic | pertaining to erythrocytes |
| thrombogenesis | formation of a blood clot |
| embolus | piece of thrombus, tissue or tumor, or bubble of gas that circulates in bloodstream until it becomes lodged in a vessel |
| embolism | presence of a embolus |
| thrombopenia | same as thrombocytopenia, number of platelets are decreased |
| erythrocytopenia | deficiency of erythrocytes |
| erythrocytosis | increase number of erythrocytes |
| polycythemia/polycythemia vera | increase number of erythrocytes |
| -osis | (production or increase) condition or state. usually abnormal or diseased. |
| infectious mononucleosis | viral infection, characterized by leukocytosis with atypical lymphcytes |
| -penia | deficiency |
| disseminated | scattered or distributed over a considerable area |
| hemolyze | erythrocytes dissolve |
| hemoglobin electrophoresis | used to identify abnormal hemoglobin |
| hemolytic anemia | disorder in which erythrocytes are destroyed prematurely |
| erythroblast | immature erythrocytes |
| aplastic | having no tendency to develop new tissue |
| dyscrasias | diseases or disorders associated with blood or bone marrow |
| chromo | color |
| iso | equal |
| macrocyte | larger than normal erythrocyte |
| megalocyte | very large cell |
| sickle cell anemia | hereditary anemia that mainly afflicts blacks who inherit an abnormal type of hemoglobin |
| globins | aka globulins. types of proteins |
| hypochromia | condition which erythrocytes have less than normal color |
| fibrin | formed when blood clots |
| fibrinogen | precursor of fibrin. A protein that is changed into fibrin in the process of coagulation |
| fibrolysin | substance that can dissolve fibrin |
| prothrombin/thromboplastin | factors involved in different parts of coagulation process, tests provide info. about various stages of coagulation process |
| thrombocytosis | increased number of of blood platelets |
| hemostasis | arrest of bleeding or interruption of blood flow through a vessel or andy part of the body |
| thrombocyte | blood platelet |
| agglutination | aggregates or small clumps of erythrocytes, may be visible macroscopically or microscopically |
| hepatitis | human immunodeficiency virus |
| autologus | associate with blood transfusions or skin grafts. |
| homologus | associate with blood transfusions or skin grafts |
| autologus transfusion | blood is removed from donor stored then returned to donor circulation |
| autologus graft | tissue transferred from one site to another on the same body |
| homologus graft | tissue removed from donor and transferred to a recipient of the same species. AKA allograft |
| isograft | transplant from ones identical twin |
| -phylaxis | protection |
| ana- | upward, excessive, again |
| complement | protein involved in many defenses, including phagocytosis |
| interferon | special protein that reacts to viruses |
| phagocytosis | ingestion and destruction of microorganisms and cellular debris |
| macrophages and leukocytes | primary phagocytic cells, tissue cells |
| resistance and susceptibility | bodys natural ability to counteract microorganisms and toxins/susceptibility is a lack of resistance |
| autoimmune diseases | production of antibodies against ones own cells |
| immunoglobulins | aka antibodies. Found in blood plasma, act against harmful invading microorganisms |
| vaccination | causes our bodies to produce antibodies |
| active immunity | immunity that an individual develops in response to a harmful antigen |
| passive immunity | borrowed immunity, effective for only a short time |
| immunization | process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced or augmented |
| vaccination | any injection or ingestion of inactivated or killed microbes of their products that is administered to induce immunity |
| prophylaxis | prevention of or protection against disease. A form of vaccination |
| hypersensitivity | excessive reaction to an antigen |
| anaphylaxis/anaphylactic reactions | exaggerated life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions to a previously encountered antigen |
| allergies | conditions which the body reacts with an exaggerated immune response to common harmless substances, most which are found in the environment |
| histamine | is released in an allergic reaction. Causes dilation of capillaries, increase in gastric secretion, contraction of smooth muscle |
| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, disease of the human immune system caused by the HIV virus |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| cytotoxin | harmful effects on cell |
| cytotoxicity | the degree to which an agent possesses a specific destructive action on cells |
Created by:
btuehara
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