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pgould-geneticsvocab

gould- genetics vocab

TermDefinition
Haploid cells with only one copy of each chromosome, n
diploids cells with 2 copies of each chromosome , having received one copy from each parent., 2n
allele composed of genes; when an organism reproduces the chromosome is what carries the genetic information from parent to offspring
Homogologous chromosome the 2 copies of each chromosome in a diploid cell
Gene a segment of DNA that codes for a particular proteins, which in turn codes for a trait or characteristic, i.e. the gene for height
characteristic the two forms of a gene; i.e. the tall allele & short allele for the gene for height
somatic cells a regular body cell of an organism, contains 2n - diploid
gamete the sex cell of an organism (sperm or egg) that contains only one copy of an allele for a given trait, contains n - haploid
Homogologous chromosome the 2 copies of each chromosome in a diploid cell
dominant the stronger form of an allele that is always expressed, represented by an upper case letter (R)
recessive the weaker form of an allele that is hidden by the dominant allele if it is present, represented by a lower case letter (r)
homozygous the weaker form of an allele that is hidden by the dominant allele if it is present, represented by a lower case letter (r)
heterozygous an allelic combination where one of each type of allele is present (Rr), also called a hybrid
phenotype the physical appearance for an organism, ex. tall or short
genotype the actual genetic make-up of an organism, ex. RR, Rr, rr
cross refers to the purposeful reproduction of two organisms, for example you cross a tall plant with a short plant
probability the likelihood or chance or getting an offspring with a certain characteristic, usually represented as a percent or a proportion.
Created by: 2016gouldp
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