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Chapter 5 Flashcards
Medical Terminology 101
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abdominal cavity | Part of the ventral cavity on the front side of the body. Holds the organs of the digestive and urinary systems. |
| anterior or ventral | Front side. |
| blood system | Includes blood and all its components. |
| body cavity | Spaces that hold organs. |
| cardiovascular system | Includes the heart and blood vessels, which transport blood throughout the body, carrying nutrients to and removing waste from tissues. |
| cell | smallest element; varies in size, shape, and function |
| connective tissue | The fibrous substance that holds and connects body parts together. (bones, ligaments, tendons) |
| coronal plane | Also known as frontal plane; divides the body into anterior and posterior positions. |
| cranial cavity | Holds the brain. |
| deep | Through or away from the surface. |
| diaphragm | Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. |
| digestive system | The organs that digest and excrete waste. |
| distal | Away from the point of attachment to the trunk. |
| dorsal cavity | Back side of the body; divided into the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity. |
| endocrine system | The system that includes the glands that secrete the hormones that regulate many of the body's activities. |
| epigastric region | The area above the stomach. |
| epithelial tissue | Covers the internal and external body surfaces. |
| frontal plane | Also known as coronal plane; divides the body into anterior and posterior positions. |
| hypochondriac regions | The two regions just below cartilage of the ribs, immediately over the abdomen. |
| inferior | Below another structure. |
| integumentary system | Consists of the skin and the accessory structures derived from it. (hair, nails, sweat, and oil glands) |
| lateral plane | To the side, as the eyes are to the nose. |
| left lower quadrant (LLQ) | The abdominal area that contains parts of the intestines and parts of reproductive organs in females. |
| left upper quadrant (LUQ) | The area of the abdomen that contains the stomach, spleen, and parts of the liver, pancreas, and intestines. |
| lumbar regions | The left and right regions of the body in the back and sides between the lowest rib and the pelvis. |
| lymphatic and immune system | Include the lymph, the glands and vessels of the lymphatic system and the nonspecific and specific defenses of the immune system. |
| medial | Middle, as the nose is to the eyes. |
| midsagittal plane | Imaginary line that divides the body into equal right and left halves. |
| muscle tissue | Able to contract and expand, allowing the body to move. |
| musculoskeletal system | The system that supports the body, protects organs, provides body movement, and includes muscles, bones, and cartilage. |
| nerve | One or more bundles of fiber. Use electrical and chemical signals to transmit messages. |
| nervous system | Regulates most body activities and sends and receives messages from the sensory organs. |
| nervous tissue | Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord from all parts of the body. |
| organ | Groups of tissue that work together to perform a specific function. |
| pelvic cavity | Bottom portion of the abdominal cavity; contains the reproductive system. |
| posterior or dorsal | Back side. |
| prone | Lying on their abdomen with their face down. |
| proximal | Near the point of attachment to the trunk. |
| reproductive system | The system that controls reproduction and heredity and is either male or female. |
| respiratory system | The body system that includes the lungs and airways, and performs breathing. |
| right lower quadrant (RLQ) | The are of the abdomen that contains parts of the appendix, parts of the intestines, and parts of the reproductive organs in females. |
| right upper quadrant (RUQ) | The are of the abdomen that contains parts of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and intestinal tract. |
| sagittal or lateral plane | Parallel to the medial plane and divides the body left and right sections. |
| sensory system | Covers the eyes and ears and those parts of other systems that are involved in the reactions of the five senses. |
| spinal cavity | Holds the spinal cord. |
| superficial | Near the surface. |
| superior | Above another structure. |
| supine | Lying on their spine facing upward. |
| system | Group of organs that work together to perform one of the body's major functions. |
| thoracic cavity | Part of the ventral cavity, on the front side of the body; holds the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels. |
| tissue | Any group of cells that work together to perform a single function. |
| transverse plane (cross sectional) | Imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally and divides the body into upper and lower sections. |
| umbilical region | The area surrounding the navel. |
| urinary system | The system that includes the kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra. |
| ventral cavity | On the front side of the body, is divided into the thoracic and abdominal cavities. |
| iliac or inguinal regions | Two regions near the upper portion of the hip bone. |
| hypogastric region | The area just below the umbilical region. |
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