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Definitions
Chapter 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| x-linked genes | a gene found on the x chromosome |
| Y-Linked Genes | a gene found on the Y chromosome |
| Sex linkage | the presence of a gene on a sex chromosome |
| Linkage group | the group of genes located on the same chromosome that are usually inherited together |
| Chromosome map | a diagram of allele positions on a chromosome |
| Germ cell mutations | c change in the DNA of a sex cell |
| Somatic mutations | a mutation that occurs in a body cell |
| Lethal mutations | death causing |
| Deletion | occurs when a fragment of a chromosome is lost. Losing a fragment of a chromosome means losing part or all of the genes that code for certain proteins. This can have serious effects on the body. |
| Inversion | Involves reversing a fragment of the original chromosome |
| Translocation | a mutation in which a broken piece of chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome |
| Nondisjunction | the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis or the failure of sister chromotids to separate during mitosis |
| Point mutation | the change of a single nitrogen containing base within a codon |
| Substitutions | a point mutation in which one nucleotide in a codon is replaced with a different nucleotide |
| Frame shift mutations | a mutation that results in the misreading of the code during translation because of a change in the reading frame. |
| Pedigree | A family tree that records and traces the occurrence of a trait in a family |
| Carriers | indivisuals who have one copy of the allele for a recessive disorder and does not exhibit symptoms of the disorder |
| Genetic marker | a short section of DNA that ndicates the presence of an allele that codes for a trait |
| Single allele traits | a trait controlled by a single allele |
| Multiple allele traits | a trait controlled by multiple alleles |
| Polygenic trait | a trait controlled by multiple genes |
| Sex influenced traits | a trait that is influenced by the presence of male or female sex hormones |
| Monosomy | a condition in a dipliod cell in which one chromosome of one pair is missing as a result of nondisjunction during meiosis |
| Trisomy | a chromosomal anomaly in which an individual has an extra chromosome in any of the chromosome pairs |
| Amniocentesis | a procedure used in fetal diagnosis in chich fetal cells are removed from the amniotic fluid |
| Chorionic villi sampling | a procedure involving the analysis of the chorionic villi to diagnose fetal geno types |
| Down Syndrome | Named after John Langdon Down, he described symptoms such as: characteristic facial features and below average height, heart defects, and varying degrees of mantal disability |
| Trisomy 21 | Results from an error during either stage of meiosis, but most commonly during meiosis 1 |
| Duplication | Occurs when part of a chromosome is repeated. Duplications within certain chromosomes are not always fatal but often result in developmental adnormalities. |
| Transposons | Genetic element that moves from one location to another in a genome |
| Growth factors | Proteins that initiates cell division |
| Tumor-suppressor genes | Produces proteins that stop cell division in particular situations. They can also cause cells to self-destruct |
| Oncogene | Cancer-causing gene |
Created by:
keng8888
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