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Exam 4

Metazoans

QuestionAnswer
What is the closest relative to the metazoans? Fungi
What defines animals and separate them from plants and fungi? They are mobile, lack cell walls, and are heterotrophic
How do deuterostomes differ from protostomes? In deuterostomes, the second opening of the blastula becomes the mouth
During gastrulation, what does the endoderm become? The gut
During gastrulation, what does the mesoderm become? The organs, muscles, and skeletal and circulatory systems
During gastrulation, what does the ectoderm become? The skin
How do invertebrates differ from vertebrates (chordates)? Vertebrates are protostomes and they have reduced cephalization
Why are sponges unlike other animals? They have atypical or incomplete gastrulation and they have no true tissue
Why are cnidarians unlike other animals? They have atypical or incomplete gastrulation
What does the cnidraian life-cycle include? Free-floating larva phase, a poly phase, and in some a medusa phase
What are characteristics of flatworms (Platyhelminthes)? They lack a coelom and they have cephalization
What are characteristics of roundworms (Nematoda)? They have cephalization
What are characteristics of segmented worms (Annelida)? They have true segmentation
What are characteristics of crustaceans? They have to molt their exoskeleton as they grow and they have gills
What are characteristics of arachnids? They have 8 legs and usually 8 simple eyes
What are characteristics of insects? They have 6 legs and compound eyes
What are characteristics of mollusks? They are protostomes and have a hydrostatic skeleton
What are characteristics of echinoderms? They have bilateral and radial symmetry and they have an endoskeleton of spines and knobs that extend through the skin
What are chordates defined by? Their notochord
What are the closest relatives to birds? Dinosaurs
Which chordates lack a true spinal cord? Lancelets and tunicates
What are characteristics of the amniotic egg? It occurs with birds, reptiles, and mammals, it was a significant adaption for reproduction on dry land, and it had a hard shell made of calcium
What are characteristics of Tiktaalik? It's existence was predicted by evolution, it represents a transitional form, it is the oldest fossil to show tetrapod characteristics, and it possess characteristics of both fish and tetrapods
What are the anapsid reptiles represented by today? Turtles
What are the diapsid reptiles represented by today? Birds, crocodiles, lizards, and snakes
What are synapsid reptiles? Ancestors of modern mammals
What do mammals, birds, turtles, and snakes have separate from other tetrapods? They have amniotic eggs
Why is understanding continental drift important for understanding evolution? Because it explains why most species and some major groups only occur on one continent
What are characteristics of mammals? They have mammary glands (lactation), they have hair, are warm blooded, and have middle ear bones
The platypus, kangaroos, and dogs all feed their young with milk. What does this tell us about the evolution of lactation? It most likely evolved in a common ancestor
What characteristics do apes share with other primates? Binocular vision, opposable thumbs, and menstrual cycle
How do we know that the glider (marsupial) and flying squirrel (placental) are the result of convergent evolution? The squirrel shares more characters with other placental mammals than with marsupials, and the glider shares more characters with other marsupials that with placentals
Created by: bellalaughlin
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