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Exam 1
Evolutionary biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How are silent mutations evolved? | By genetic drift |
| What idea of Lamarck's was revolutionary and still apart of evolutionary theory today? | The idea that species can change over generations |
| What are vestigial structures? | Structures in organisms that have no obvious function |
| What are homologous structures? | Structures in organisms that have the same evolutionary origins ad similar functions |
| Why was the modern synthesis an important development of evolutionary theory? | Because it integrated Mendel's laws of genetic inheritance with Darwin's ideas on evolution by natural selection |
| What do phylogenies based on DNA sequence variation display? | They show regular branching patterns back through deep time to the earliest single-celled organisms |
| How is genetic drift defined? | 1. Random changes in allele frequencies between generations 2. Occurs because some individuals survive and reproduce better than others 3. Has a large effect on allele frequencies in small populations |
| Why does natural selection occur? | Because some individuals survive and reproduce better than others |
| When does stabilizing selection occur? | When individuals that are closest to the average value for a trait have the highest survival |
| Numerous pests have become resistant to pesticides. What is this an example of? | Directional selection |
| Why are mutations important? | They are the source of all genetic variation, which is then subject to the forces of selection and genetic drift |
| What explains the spectacular ornaments and coloring that only occurs in the males of some species? | Sexual selection |
| When does the frequency of genotypes in a population follow Hardy-Weinberg's expectations? | When there is no selection, no gene flow, no genetic drift, and when mating is random |
| Young adult woodpeckers help raise the new nestlings. What is this an example of? | Kin selection (or inclusive fitness) |
| What was Darwin's major contributions to the origin of diversity of Life on Earth? | Species change over time and all species share common ancestors |
| The male stickleback fish is bright red in ponds where predators are absent, but they are drab colored like females in ponds where there are predators present. Why is this? | Sexual selection favors the bright colors for attracting females, but natural selection favors drab colors when predators are present |
| An explanation of processes that are consistent with a large number of observations is the same as what? | a theory |
| Many species in North America have distinct subspecies in different regions. Why is this? | Glaciations of the Pleistocene species and when they were divided into small groups for long periods of time |
| What are some post-mating reproductive isolating mechanisms? | Hybrid inviability and hybrid infertility |
| What is hybridization between species evidence of? | Incomplete reproductive isolation |
| What is geographic variation within species evidence of? | Evolutionary divergence |
| What is a good example of a pre-mating isolation mechanism? | Geographic isolation |
| What is the biological species concept based on? | The ability to interbreed |
| When studying 2 species of butterfly, they both look identical in their morphology but they are significantly different according to their DNA and can't interbreed. Are they two different species? | Yes, they are different species according to the biological and phylogenetic species concepts |
| Mules are hybrids between donkeys and horses. They are viable, but infertile. WHat is this an example of? | Post-mating reproductive isolation |
| What is true about species in general? | Variation within species in common and many pairs of species are able to form fertile hybrids |
Created by:
bellalaughlin
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