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Cell Transport
Biology
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Phospholipid bilayer | a term used to describe the structure of the cell membrane |
Passive Transport | movement of small and uncharged molecules (ions)molecule in and out of a cell without the use of ATP energy....molecules move form an area of high to low concentration |
Active Transport | movement of large molecules (like protein, salt, and starch) into and out of a cell |
Diffusion | type of passive transport (movement of gases) into and out of the cell |
Osmosis | type of passive transport (movement of water) into and out of the cell |
Facilitated Diffusion | type of passive transport (movement of glucose) into and out of the cell...requires a transfer protein |
Endocytosis | a type of active transport in which a cell engulfs particles from its environment and stores them inside a vesicle |
Phagocytosis | a type of endocytosis used by a white blood cell to destroy bacteria |
Exocytosis | a type of active transport in which a vesicle attached to the cell membrane release particles into its environment |
Pinocytosis | a type of endocytosis a cell uses to engulf liquid from its environment |
Phospholipid | a type of lipid that forms the cell membrane...it is made up of a glycerol attached to two fatty acids |
Hydrophobic region | ("water fearing")...a term used to describe the inner portion of the cell membrane made up of fatty acid tails that repel water |
Hydrophilic region | ("water loving")...a term used to describe the outer portion of the cell membrane made up of glycerol molecules |
Glycerol | the hydrophilic head of a phospholipid |
Fatty acids | the hydrophobic tails of a phospholipid |
Receptor protein | a specialized protein located on the surface of a cell membrane that receives signals from the cell's environment |
Semi-permeable | a term used to describe the cell membrane's ability to allow only small molecules to freely pass through the membrane without the use of energy |
Cholesterol | a type of lipid that provides flexibility to the cell membrane |
Concentration gradient | the state of having unequal amounts of a specific molecule inside compare to outside the cell |
Dynamic Equilibrium | the state of having equal amounts of a specific molecule inside compared to outside the cell |
Isotonic solution | a cell placed in this solution will remain the same size due to osmosis |
Hypertonic solution | a cell will lose water by osmosis when placed in this type of solution, causing the cell membrane to shrivel |
Hypotonic solution | a cell will gain water by osmosis when placed in this type of solution, causing the cell membrane to expand |
Transport Protein | -proteins involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, across a biological membrane. |