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Bio 12 Reproduction
Bio 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acrosome | A membrane-bound compatment at the tip of the head of a sperm which contains lytic enzymes (hyaluronidase in mammalian sperm) which digest the outer surface of the egg and allow the sperm to inject its haploid dna |
| Anterior Pituitary | The front portion of the pituitary, a small gland in the head called the master gland. Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary influence growth, sexual development, skin pigmentation |
| Cervix | The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus (womb). The uterus, a hollow, pear-shaped organ, is located in a woman's lower abdomen, between the bladder and the rectum |
| Clitoris | A small mass of erectile tissue situated at the anterior apex of the vestibule |
| Corous Luteum | A yellow glandular mass in the ovary formed by an ovarian follicle that has matured and discharged its ovum |
| Cowper's glands | Either of two small glands of which one lies on each side of the male urethra below the prostate gland and discharges a secretion into the semen |
| Ductus (vas) deferens | The excretory duct of the testis that conveys sperm. A duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct |
| Endometrium | The tissue lining the uterus, it is sloughed off during the woman's menstrual period, and afterward grows back and slowly gets thicker and thicker until the next period |
| Epididymis | Convoluted tubule connecting the vas efferens, that comes from the seminiferous tubules of the mammalian testis, to the vas deferens. Maturation and storage of sperm occur in the epididymis |
| Estrogen | A general term for female steroid sex Hormones that are secreted by the ovary and responsible for typical female sexual characteristics |
| Follicles | A small secretory cavity, sac, or gland, in particular |
| Follicle-stimulating homrone | An acidic glycoprotein secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. In women, follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates the development of ovarian follicles (eggs) and stimulates the release o |
| Follicular phase | Begins on Day 1 of your menstrual cycle. Day 1 is by definition the day your period starts. The follicular phase ends when a hormone called luteinizing hormone peaks and ovulation occurs. |
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin | A hormone that is produced by the developing placenta and by the fertilized egg after implantation in the uterine wall |
| Hypothalamus | The hypothalamus is also involved in the regulation of body temperature, water balance, blood sugar and fat metabolism |
| Implantation | The insertion or grafting into the body of biological, living, inert or radioactive material |
| Interstitial Cells | A cell that occurs between the germ cells of the gonads and that may furnish the male sex hormone. Also called Leydig cell |
| Luteal Phase | The post-ovulatory phase of a woman's cycle, the corpus luteum produces progesterone, which in turn causes the uterine lining to secrete substances to support the implantation and growth of the early embryo |
| Luteinizing Hormone | A type of hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland of the endocrine system. In females, this pro |
| Menstruation | The cyclic, physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and mucosal tissues from the nonpregnant uterus, it is under hormonal control and normally recurs, usually at approximately four week intervals |
| Midpiece | The middle piece of the spermatozoon is a highly organized segment consisting of MITOCHONDRIA, the outer dense fibers and the core microtubular structure |
| Ovarian Cycle | the sequence of physiologic changes in the ovary involved in ovulation |
| Ovaries | One of two small oval bodies situated on either side of the uterus on the posterior surface of the broad ligament |
| Oviducts | Any of the pair of ducts or tubes in female reproductive organ through which an ovum passes from the ovary to the uterus (as in mammals) or to the outside (as in oviparous animals) |
| Ovulation | The discharge of a secondary oocyte from a vesicular follicle of the ovary. The expulsion of an ovum from the ovary (usually midway in the menstrual cycle).The formation of female |
| Oxytocin | a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts |
| Penis | The male organ of copulation and of urinary excretion, comprising a root, body and extremity or glans penis |
| Positive Feedback Mechanism | An example of positive feedback loop is the onset of contractions in childbirth. When contraction begins, the hormone oxytocin is released into the body to stimulate further contractions |
| Progesterone | Produced in the corpus luteum, as an antagonist of oestrogens |
| Proliferative phase | the phase of the menstrual cycle after menstruation. Under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitary, the ovary produces increasing amounts of estrogen |
| Prostate Gland | A gland in the male that surrounds the neck of the bladder and urethra |
| Scrotum | A muscular sac which contains the testes |
| Secretory Phase | The menstrual cycle is the cycle of natural changes that occurs in the uterus and ovary as an essential part of making sexual reproduction possible. |
| Seminal Fluid | is an organic fluid that may contain spermatozoa. It is secreted by the gonads on the male |
| Seminal Vesicles | are a pair of simple tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder of some male mammals. |
| Seminiferous Tubules | Seminiferous tubules are located within the testes, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa. |
| Sperm | he term sperm refers to the male reproductive cells |
| Tail | The most important function of the tail is propelling the sperm cell forward with a snake-like motion. This is critical because that sperm failure of sperm to move forward is described as an abnormality of sperm motility. |
| Testes | The testes are two egg-shaped male reproductive organs located in the scrotum. They produce sperm and the male hormone, testosterone. |
| Testosterone | testosterone is secreted primarily by the testicles of males and the ovaries of females, although small amounts are also secreted by the adrenal glands. It is the principal male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid. |
| Urethra | is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the genitals for the removal of fluids from the body. |
| Urethral Opening | is the opening of the urinary bladder into the urethra. |
| Uterine Cycle | The early proliferative phase of the uterine cycle begins at the end of menstrual flow. |
| Uterus | is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. |
| Vagina | is a sex organ and mainly functions for the facilitation of sexual intercourse and childbirth. |
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shignuts
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