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Biology 4.5

TermDefinition
mitochondrion a semiautonomous organelle found in eukaryotic cells that supplies most of a cell's ATP
cristae projections of the highly invaginated (folded) inner membrane of a mitochondrion
mitochondrial matrix a compartment inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
chloroplasts a semiautonomous organelle found in plant and algal cells that carries out photosynthesis
photosynthesis the process whereby light energy is captured by plant, algal, or bacterial cells and is used to synthesize organize molecules from CO2 and H2O
thylakoid membrane a membrane within the chloroplast that forms many flattened, fluid filled tubules that enclose a single, convoluted compartment. It contains chlorphyll and is the site where the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis occurs
granum a structure composed of a stacked membrane bound thylakoids within a chloroplast
stroma the fluid filled region of the chloroplast between the thylakoid membrane and the inner membrane
plastids a general name given to organelles found in plant and algal cells that are bound by two membranes and contain DNA and large amounts of either chlorophyll (in chloroplasts), carotenoids (in chromoplasts), or starch (in amyoplasts)
proplastids unspecialized structures that form plastids
mitochondrial genome the chromosome found in mitochondria
chloroplast genome the chromosome found in chloroplasts
nuclear genome the chromosome founds in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cells
binary fission the process of cell division in bacteria and archaea in which one cell divides into two cells
endosymbiosis a symbiotic relationship in which the smaller species- the symbiont- lives inside the larger species
endosymbiosis theory a theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from bacteria that took up residence within a primordial eukaryotic cell
Created by: cinfante16
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