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Reproduction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acrosome | is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa (sperm cells) of many animals. |
| Anterior Pituitary | the anterior lobe of the pituitary body |
| Cervix | The lower part of the uterus extending from the isthmus of the uterus into the vagina |
| Clitoris | a small sensitive and erectile part of the female genitals at the anterior end of the vulva. |
| Corpus Luteum | a hormone-secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun. |
| Cowper's glands | either of a pair of small glands that open into the urethra at the base of the penis and secrete a constituent of seminal fluid. |
| Ductus (vas) deferens | the duct that conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra. |
| Endometrium | the mucous membrane lining the uterus, which thickens during the menstrual cycle in preparation for possible implantation of an embryo. |
| Epididymis | a highly convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens. |
| Oestrogen | ny of a group of steroid hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body. Such hormones are also produced artificially for use in oral contraceptives or to treat menopausal and menstrual disorders. |
| Follicles | A cavity in the ovary containing a maturing ovum surrounded by its encasing cells. |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | hormone secreted by the pituitary gland in the brain that stimulates the growth and maturation of eggs in females and sperm in males, and sex hormone production in both males and females. |
| gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) | A substance secreted by the hypothalamus every ninety minutes or so. This hormone enables the pituitary to secrete LH and FSH, which stimulate the gonads. See also FSH; LH. |
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) | A hormone that helps the ovaries produce progesterone and estrogen during the first trimester of pregnancy. |
| Implantation | the attachment of the fertilized egg or blastocyst to the wall of the uterus at the start of pregnancy |
| Interstitial Cells | Cells scattered among the seminiferous tubules of the vertebrate testis that secrete testosterone and other androgens, the male sex hormones. interstitial fluid ... |
| luteal phase | secretory phase: the second half of the menstrual cycle after ovulation; the corpus luteum secretes progesterone which prepares the endometrium for the implantation of an embryo; if fertilization does not occur then menstrual flow begins |
| luteinizing hormone (LH | is a hormone produced by gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. In females, an acute rise of LH triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. |
| menstruation | the process in a woman of discharging blood and others from the lining of the uterus at intervals of about one lunar month from puberty until menopause, except during pregnancy. |
| midpiece | The part of a spermatozoon between the head and the tail; it consists of mitochondria, centrioles, and an axoneme |
| ovarian cycle | The normal sex cycle that includes development of an ovarian follicle, rupture of the follicle, discharge of the ovum, and formation and regression of a corpus luteum. |
| ovaries | a female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced, present in humans and other vertebrates as a pair. |
| oviducts (fallopian tubes) | the tube through which an ovum or egg passes from an ovary. |
| ovulation | the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary (usually midway in the menstrual cycle) |
| oxytocin | a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts. |
| positive feedback mechanism | is when a system tends to increase output. |
| progesterone | a steroid hormone released by the corpus luteum that stimulates the uterus to prepare for pregnancy. |
| proliferative phase | That portion of the uterine (menstrual) cycle when the endometrium regenerates and thickens. |
| prostate gland | a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in male mammals and releasing prostatic fluid. |
| scrotum | a pouch of skin containing the testicles. |
| secretory phase | he second half of the menstrual cycle after ovulation; the corpus luteum secretes progesterone which prepares the endometrium for the implantation of an embryo; if fertilization does not occur then menstrual flow begins |
| seminal fluid | semen: the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract |
| seminal vesicles | each of a pair of glands that open into the vas deferens near its junction with the urethra and secrete many of the components of semen. |
| seminiferous tubules | any of the numerous long convoluted tubules in the testis which are the sites where spermatozoa mature |
| sperm | short for spermatozoon. |
| tail (flagellum) | The tail gives wavelike movement that drives the sperm through the seminal fluid, which also supplies additional energy. The most important function of the tail is propelling the sperm cell forward with a snake-like motion. |
| testes | either of the paired egg-shaped glands normally situated in the scrotum, in which the spermatozoa develop. |
| testosterone | a steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics, produced mainly in the testes, but also in the ovaries and adrenal cortex. |
| uterine cycle | The changes that occur in the uterus during the reproductive cycle of the human female; also called the menstrual cycle. |
| uterus | The organ in the lower body of a woman or female mammal where offspring are conceived and in which they gestate before birth; the womb. |
Created by:
Ama B
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