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Biology Chapter 4.2

Cell Structure

TermDefinition
Protein-Protein Interactions The specific interactions between proteins that occur during many critical cellular processes. They create intricate cell structures
Genome The complete genetic composition of a cell or species
Genes Composed of organized sequences of DNA. Contains the information to produce cells with particular structures and functions.
Prokaryotic cells Cells with a relatively simple structure, without a membrane-enclosed nucleus. Includes bacteria and archaea.
Plasma membrane Separates the internal components of a cell from its external environment. Composed of a double layer of phospholipids and embedded proteins.
Cytoplasm The region of the cell that is contained within the plasma membrane.
Nucleoid region A site in a bacterial cell where the genetic material (DNA) is stored
Ribosomes A structure composed of proteins and rRNA that provides the site where polypeptide synthesis occurs.
Cell wall A relatively rigid, porous structure located outside the plasma membrane of prokaryotic, plant, fungal, and certain protist cells. Provides support and protection.
Glycocalyx An outer viscous covering surrounding a bacterium that traps water and helps protect bacteria from drying out.
Capsule A thick, gelatinous glycocalyx produced by certain strains of bacteria that may help them avoid being destroyed by an animal's immune system
Pili Prokaryotic cell appendage that allows cell to attach to surfaces and each other.
Flagella Relatively long cell appendages in prokaryotic cells that facilitate cellular movement or the movement of extracellular fluids
Eukaryotes Protists, fungi, plants, and animals. They possess a true nucleus.
Organelle A membrane bound compartment with its own unique structure and functions
compartmentalization A characteristic of eurkaryotic cells in which many organelles separate the cell into different regions. Allows a cell to carry out specialized chemical reactions in different places.
Created by: cinfante16
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