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Biodiversity & Evolu

Unit 2 Module 3 OCR AS Biology

TermDefinition
Proctoctist All the organisms that don't fit into the other 4 kingdoms. They are eukaryotes, autotrophic/heterotrophic, mostly single-celled.
Fungi Mostly saprophytic(causes decay) organisms, consisting of a mycelium, which is a network of hyphae strands, and have chitin walls. They have multi-nucleate cytoplasm.
Taxa of the classification system Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, family, Genus ,Species
Binominal system Genus = capital letter, genus first then species.
Cytochrome c A respiratory protein, in which the amino acids can be identified to determine how closely related two species are.
Domain system Eubcateria, Archaebacteria and Eukaryotae. Prokaryotes were divided into 2, because bacteria are different to archae. E.g they have different DNA replication, cell membrane structure and have flagella. Archaea and eukaryotes: similar DNA replication
Continuous variation Variation where there is a range of intermediate phenotypes between two extremes. Number of individuals near the extreme values are very low, e.g height/weight
Discontinuous variation Two or more distinct categories without any intermediates. Members of a species may be spread unevenly/evenly across the categories. E.g colour of flowers/blood group/gender
Genetic variation Inherited alleles are a combination unique to every individual, alleles may be shared but there is never a complete match. Therefore, characteristic combinations are also unique to each organism.
Environmental variation Characteristics can be influenced by environment. E.g tan due to sun exposure.
Xerophytes Are plants adapted to living in very dry conditions.
Speciation The formation of a new species.
Natural selection The best adapted organisms out compete those less well-adapted. favourable alleles are passed on to offspring,over time the adaptation characteristic develops and evolution occurs.
Allopatric speciation Geographical separation prevents effective interbreeding of a species, this causes speciation.
Sympatric speciation A biochemical/behavioural/physical change that prevents one member of the population from breeding.
Selection pressure An external pressure that drives evolution in a particular direction.
Monoculture A crop of plants of a single species bred to be very similar.
Genetic erosion Modern agriculture uses selective breeding/monoculture, which leads to reduced genetic diversity and potential extinction of some variations within a species.
Gene pool The sum total and variety of all the genes of a population or species, at a given time.
CITES Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
CITES aims regulate/monitor international trade of selected species, ensure trade doesn't endanger survival of wild populations
Convention of Biological Diversity Signed by 150 government leaders at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit. Convention promotes sustainable development.
Rio Convention aims: conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, appropriate shared access to genetic resources, sharing of technology and scientific knowledge.
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment, aims to: avoid adverse effect on biodiversity, ensure consequences are taken into account, notify any grave danger of biodiversity to parter states.
Abundance The frequency of organisms in a sampled area.
Biodiversity The number and variety of living things that can be found in the world/ecosystem/habitat.
Ecosystem All the living and non-living components in a specific area, and how they interact.
Endemic A disease always present in an area.
Evolutionary distance A measure of how far apart two organisms are on the evolutionary scale.
Niche The exact role of an organism in the ecosystem.
Phylogeny The evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Created by: grace.bradshaw
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