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Reproduction System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acrosome | The acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa (sperm cells) of many animals. |
| anterior pituitary | The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, reproduction and lactation |
| cervix | the narrow necklike passage forming the lower end of the uterus. |
| clitoris | a small sensitive and erectile part of the female genitals at the anterior end of the vulva. |
| corpus luteum | a hormone-secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun. |
| Cowper’s glands | either of a pair of small glands that open into the urethra at the base of the penis and secrete a constituent of seminal fluid. |
| ductus (vas) deferens | the duct that conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra. |
| endometrium | the mucous membrane lining the uterus, which thickens during the menstrual cycle in preparation for possible implantation of an embryo. |
| epididymis | a highly convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens. |
| estrogen | any of a group of steroid hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body. |
| follicles | a small secretory cavity, sac, or gland |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that promotes the formation of ova or sperm. |
| follicular phase | The follicular phase is the phase of the estrous cycle, during which follicles in the ovary mature. It ends with ovulation. |
| gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) | is a trophic peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary |
| head | The acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa (sperm cells) of many animals. |
| homeostatic regulation | is the property of a system in which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively constant. Examples of homeostasis include the regulation of temperature and the balance between acidity and alkalinity |
| human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) | a hormone produced in the human placenta that maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy. |
| hypothalamus | a region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity. |
| implantation | attachment of the fertilized egg or blastocyst to the wall of the uterus at the start of pregnancy, often delayed in some mammals by several months |
| interstitial cells | Interstitial cell refers to any one of a number of different types of cells characterized by their interstitial nature |
| luteal phase | the latter phase of the menstrual cycle |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | is a hormone produced by gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland |
| menstruation | the process in a woman of discharging blood and other materials from the lining of the uterus at intervals of about one lunar month from puberty until menopause, except during pregnancy. |
| mid-piece | The middle piece of the spermatozoon is a highly organized segment consisting of MITOCHONDRIA, the outer dense fibers and the core microtubular structure. |
| ovarian cycle | The menstrual cycle is the cycle of natural changes that occurs in the uterus and ovary as an essential part of making sexual reproduction possible. |
| ovaries | a female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced, present in humans and other vertebrates as a pair. |
| oviducts (fallopian tubes) | the tube through which an ovum or egg passes from an ovary. |
| ovulation | discharge ova or ovules from the ovary. |
| oxytocin | a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts. |
| penis | the male genital organ of higher vertebrates, carrying the duct for the transfer of sperm during copulation. |
| positive feedback mechanism | is a process in which the effects of a small disturbance on a system include an increase in the magnitude of the perturbation |
| progesterone | a steroid hormone released by the corpus luteum that stimulates the uterus to prepare for pregnancy. |
| proliferative phase | a phase of the menstrual cycle |
| prostate gland | a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in male mammals and releasing prostatic fluid. |
| scrotum | a pouch of skin containing the testicles. |
| secretory phase | The menstrual cycle is the cycle of natural changes that occurs in the uterus and ovary as an essential part of making sexual reproduction possible. |
| seminal fluid | seminal fluid contains several components besides spermatozoa: proteolytic and other enzymes as well as fructose are elements of seminal fluid which promote the survival of spermatozoa |
| seminal vesicles | each of a pair of glands that open into the vas deferens near its junction with the urethra and secrete many of the components of semen. |
| seminiferous tubules | Seminiferous tubules are located within the testes, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa. |
| sperm | The term sperm refers to the male reproductive cells |
| tail (flagellum) | a slender threadlike structure, esp. a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc., to swim. |
| testes | The testicle is the male gonad in animals. |
| testosterone | a steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics, produced mainly in the testes, but also in the ovaries and adrenal cortex. |
| urethra | the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder, and which in male vertebrates also conveys semen. |
| urethral opening | the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder, and which in male vertebrates also conveys semen. |
| uterine cycle | The menstrual cycle is the cycle of natural changes that occurs in the uterus and ovary as an essential part of making sexual reproduction possible |
| uterus | the organ in the lower body of a woman or female mammal where offspring are conceived and in which they gestate before birth; the womb. |
| vagina | the muscular tube leading from the external genitals to the cervix of the uterus in women and most female mammals. |
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ksomji
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