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Stress-Cell Diseases
Chapters 1,2,3,4,6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is pathology? | The study of the nature or cause of disease. |
| What is pathophysiology? | How normal processes are altered by disease. |
| What is pathogenesis? | The evolution of a disease. |
| Clinical manifestations-What is the latent period? | The time between exposure to a pathogen, chemical or radiation, and when symptoms first become apparent. |
| Clinical manifestations-What is the prodromal period? | Appearance of the first signs or symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. |
| Clinical manifestations-What is the incubation period? | In infectious diseases, the time between exposure to a pathogen, chemical or radiation, and when symptoms first become apparent. |
| Clinical manifestations-What is the silent period? | During the course of a disease, signs and symptoms may become mild or disappear for a time. |
| Clinical manifestations-What is the subclinical period? | In which the patient functions normally, but disease processes are well established. |
| What is homeostasis? | Stability, sameness, constant (of body systems, etc.). |
| What is allostasis? | Adaptation to change in order to achieve homeostasis. |
| What is disease? | A disease is an abnormal condition (outside of normal range) that affects the body of an organism. |
| What is etiology? | The study of causation, or origination (of disease). |
| What is pathogenesis? | The mechanism that causes a disease. |
| What is sequela? | A chronic condition that is a complication of an acute condition that begins during that acute condition. |
| What is an inherited disease? | Passed from parents genes. |
| What is a familial disease? | An abnormal protein is produced. |
| What is a congenital disease? | A condition existing at birth and often before birth, or that develops during the first month of life. |
| What is a degenerative disease? | The function or structure of the affected tissues or organs will increasingly deteriorate over time, whether due to normal bodily wear or lifestyle choices such as exercise or eating habits. |
| What is an autoimmune disease? | An abnormal immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. |
| What is Hypersensitivity (allergies) disease? | Undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system. |
| What is Immunodeficiency disease? | A state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent. |
| What is neoplastic disease? | An abnormal mass of tissue as a result of abnormal growth or division of cells. |
| What is nutritional disease? | A deficiency of proteins, calories and/or vitamins. |
| What is metabolic disease? | Defects of single genes that code for enzymes that facilitate conversion of various substances (substrates) into others (products). |
| What is molecular disease? | A defect in a single molecule causes many forms of this. |
| What is psychogenic disease? | Physical illnesses that stem from emotional or mental stresses (within the mind). |
| What is iatrogenic disease? | Preventable harm resulting from medical treatment or advice to patients. |
| What is idiopathic disease? | Of an unknown origin. |
| What is necrosis? | A form of cell injury that results in the premature death of cells in living tissue. |
| What is coagulative necrosis? | Characterized by the formation of a gelatinous (gel-like) substance in dead tissues in which the architecture of the tissue is maintained. |
| What is liquifactive necrosis? | Characterized by the digestion of dead cells to form a viscous liquid mass. |
| What is caseous necrosis? | Dead cells disintegrate but are not completely digested, leaving granular particles. |
| What is apoptosis? | Cell death triggered by intracellular signaling cascades that result in cell suicide. |
| What is rigor mortis? | Chemical changes in the muscles after death, causing the limbs of the corpse to become stiff and difficult to move or manipulate. |
| What is livor mortis? | A settling of the blood in the lower (dependent) portion of the body, causing a purplish red discoloration of the skin. |
| What is algor mortis? | The reduction in body temperature following death. |
| What is autolysis? | Commonly known as self-digestion, refers to the destruction of a cell through the action of its own enzymes. |
| What is atrophy? | Decreased cell size. |
| What is hypertrophy? | Increased cell size. |
| What is hyperplasia? | Increased cell numbers. |
| What is metaplasia? | Conversion of one cell type to another. |
| What is dysplasia? | Disorderly cell growth. |
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