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SLSbio12Reproductive
SLS Bio12 Reproductive abby
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acrosome | a process at the anterior end of a sperm cell that produces enzymes to facilitate penetration of the egg |
| anterior pituitary | the anterior lobe of the pituitary body; primarily glandular in nature |
| cervix | the narrow necklike passage forming the lower end of the uterus. |
| clitoris | a small sensitive and erectile part of the female genitals at the anterior end of the vulva |
| corpus luteum | a hormone-secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun. |
| Cowper’s glands | either of a pair of small glands that open into the urethra at the base of the penis and secrete a constituent of seminal fluid. |
| ductus (vas) deferens | vas deferens: a duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct |
| endometrium | the mucous membrane lining the uterus, which thickens during the menstrual cycle in preparation for possible implantation of an embryo. |
| epididymis | a highly convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens |
| estrogen | any of a group of steroid hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body. |
| follicles | a small secretory cavity, sac, or gland, in particular. |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | hormone secreted by the pituitary gland in the brain that stimulates the growth and maturation of eggs in females and sperm in males, and sex hormone production in both males and females |
| follicular phase | The follicular phase is the phase of the estrous cycle, during which follicles in the ovary mature. It ends with ovulation |
| gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) | A substance secreted by the hypothalamus every ninety minutes or so. This hormone enables the pituitary to secrete LH and FSH, which stimulate the gonads. See also FSH; LH. |
| human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) | A hormone that helps the ovaries produce progesterone and estrogen during the first trimester of pregnancy |
| implantation | the attachment of the fertilized egg or blastocyst to the wall of the uterus at the start of pregnancy |
| interstitial cells | Interstitial cell refers to any one of a number of different types of cells characterized by their interstitial nature |
| luteal phase | secretory phase: the second half of the menstrual cycle after ovulation; the corpus luteum secretes progesterone which prepares the endometrium for the implantation of an embryo; if fertilization does not occur then menstrual flow begins |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation in females and the synthesis of androgen in males |
| menstruation | the process in a woman of discharging blood and other materials from the lining of the uterus at intervals of about one lunar month from puberty until menopause, except during pregnancy |
| mid-piece | contains mitochondria for energy |
| ovarian cycle | The normal sex cycle that includes development of an ovarian follicle, rupture of the follicle, discharge of the ovum, and formation and regression of a corpus luteum |
| ovaries | a female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced, present in humans and other vertebrates as a pai |
| oviducts(Fallopian tube) | the tube through which an ovum or egg passes from an ovary. |
| ovulation | the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary (usually midway in the menstrual cycle) |
| oxytocin | a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts. |
| positive feedback mechanism | A mechanism that enhances the process that causes the mechanism in the first place |
| progesterone | a steroid hormone released by the corpus luteum that stimulates the uterus to prepare for pregnancy. |
| proliferative phase | That portion of the uterine (menstrual) cycle when the endometrium regenerates and thickens. |
| prostate gland | a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in male mammals and releasing prostatic fluid. |
| scrotum | a pouch of skin containing the testicles |
| secretory phase | the second half of the menstrual cycle after ovulation; the corpus luteum secretes progesterone which prepares the endometrium for the implantation of an embryo; if fertilization does not occur then menstrual flow begins |
| seminal fluid | semen: the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract |
| seminal vesicle | each of a pair of glands that open into the vas deferens near its junction with the urethra and secrete many of the components of semen. |
| seminiferous tubules | (seminiferous tubule) any of the numerous long convoluted tubules in the testis which are the sites where spermatozoa mature |
| sperm | the mature motile male sex cell of an animal, by which the ovum is fertilized, typically having a compact head and one or more long flagella for swimming. |
| tail(flagellum) | used by the sperm to swim to the egg |
| testes | an organ that produces spermatozoa (male reproductive cells). |
| testosterone | a steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics, produced mainly in the testes, but also in the ovaries and adrenal cortex. |
| uterine cycle | The changes that occur in the uterus during the reproductive cycle of the human female; also called the menstrual cycle. |
| uterus | the organ in the lower body of a woman or female mammal where offspring are conceived and in which they gestate before birth; the womb. |
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