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SLS BIo11 MB (KM)
SLS Bio 11 Microbiology (KM)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antibody | also known as an immunoglobulin, a large Y-shaped protein produced by plasma cells in the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses |
| Antigen | Foreign object that triggers the body's immune responses, including bacteria or toxins. |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid; molecule encoding the genetic instructions of a living organism and virus. |
| Host cell | The cell which a virus injects its DNA into in order to reproduce. |
| Lymphocyte | Any of 3 types of white blood cell within a complex ( vertebrate) living organism. |
| Lysogenic cycle | Viral reproduction cycle where the viral genes remain dormant and divide along with cells until certain time, at which point they begin to produce virus and carry on to lytic cycle. |
| Lytic cycle | Viral reproduction cycle where the viral genes begin to produce virus immediately and spreads. The host cell dies when this happens. |
| Membranous envelope | Envelop that covers the capsid of the virus. Helps virus enter the host cell and avoid the immune system. |
| Mucous Membrane | Linings of Endodermal origins; exposed to outer environment and organs. |
| Nucleic acid core | Core that contains DNA/RNA of a virus. These genetic molecules are injected from the core into the host cell. |
| Phagocytic white blood cell | Type of white blood cell that protects the body by ingesting antigens or dead cells. |
| Primary line of defense | Refers to the immune system in human body; the skin layer which physically prevents bacteria from getting through. |
| Protein capsid | Protein-made shell of the virus that encloses the genetic material of a virus inside the core. |
| RNA | Ribonucleic Acid; genetic molecules that play multiple vital roles in executing genetic commands decoded from the DNA. |
| Secondary line of defense | Refers to the immune system in human body; non-specific defense attempt to kill off the intruder, such as phagocytes, inflammation, etc. |
| Tertiary line of defense | Refers to the immune system in human body; the specific immune system where lymphocytes and antibodies are involved to recognize and annihilate the antigen. |
| Viral specificity | Selectiveness of virus in choosing its targets for infection. |
| White blood cell | Parts of immune system created by hematopoietic stem cell in bone marrow. Can be divided into many different groups. |
| Aerobic respiration | Cellular respiration process in which oxygen is required to acquire energy. |
| Antibiotic | Medical agent that kills or inhibits the growth of a microorganism. Usually applied to treat microorganisms within a body system. |
| Antiseptic | Antimicrobial substance that kills microorganisms. Applied on the outside skin to prevent infection. Distinguished from antibiotic in that it is not applied to inside of a system. |
| Bacteria | First life forms on earth; small, microorganisms that take up a large portion of prokaryotes. |
| Binary fission | Asexual method of reproduction executed by bacteria where the bacteria copies its genetic materials and divides itself into two identical cells. |
| Classification | Distinguishing different genus, family, order, etc, and naming them according to appropriate relativity and origin. |
| Conjugation | The transfer of genetic material (plasmid) between bacterial cells by direct contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. |
| Disinfectant | Substances that are applied to non-living objects to destroy microorganisms. DIffers from antiseptic in that it is unsafe to be used on living objects. |
| Ecological role | Ecological role of bacteria varies; while it can cause disease and be harmful, it also can be used to ferment, to help digestion, or to make antibiotics. |
| Fermentation | Metabolic process that converts glucose into acids and gases. Milk is fermented to produce dairy products. Humans use bacteria to ferment. |
| Motility | The ability of a bacteria/living organism to move around actively and freely, consuming energy. Bacterial motility is commonly determined by the presence of flagella. |
| Mutation | A change in genetic coding material in an organism. Leads to evolution. May be positive, negative, or mutual. |
| Photosynthesis | Process of acquiring glucose by converting carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Used by photosynthetic autotroughs at the bottom of the food chain. |
| Prokaryote | Group of organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus. Mostly unicellular. Bacteria take up large portion of the group. |
| Resistance | Ability of a bacteria/microorganism to withstand certain conditions. Can be passed on to other bacteria through plasmids. |
Created by:
ssongta
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