Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Science Final 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the cell cycle? | the cycle of growth, development and division that cells go through |
| What are the two main phases of the cell cycle? | Interphase and mitosis |
| What is interphase? | period during the cell's growth and development |
| What are the three main phases of interphase? | G1, S and G2 |
| What two main things happen in interphase? | 1. DNA copies itself 2. Centrioles double |
| What is mitosis? | The process in which a cell makes two identical daughter cells |
| What are the four steps of mitosis? | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| What three things happen in prophase? | 1. Nuclear membrane disappears 2. Centrioles pull apart 3. Spindle fibers form between centrioles |
| What three things happen in metaphase? | 1. Centrioles go to each end of the cell 2. Spindle fibers tretch across the cell 3. Pairs of chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
| What happens in anaphase? | Chromosomes pulled to opposites ends of the cell |
| What three things happen in telophase? | 1. Cell membrane pinches in 2. Nuclear membrane reforms 3. Cytokinesis |
| What is cytokinesis? | When the cytoplasm splits in two |
| What are the five levels of organization? | 1. Cell 2. Tissues 3. Organs 4. Organ Systems 5. Organisms |
| What is sexual reproduction? | Type of reproduction in which the genetic material of two different cells combine, producing offspring |
| What are gametes? | Sex cells |
| What are homologous chromosomes? | Pairs of chromosomes that have similar genes for similar traits |
| What is meiosis? | The production of stem cells |
| What are diploid cells? | Cells that have pairs of chromosomes |
| What are haploid cells? | Cells that have one chromosome from each pair |
| What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis? | 1. Produces cells with same number of chromosomes vs. half the number of chromosomes 2. Makes any type of cell except sex cells vs. makes only sex cells 3. Forms 2 cells vs. Forms 4 cells 4. 4 phases vs. 8 phases |
| What are two benefits of sexual reproduction? | 1. Creates genetic variation among organisms 2. Allows for selective breeding |
| What is asexual reproduction? | One parent of organisms produces offspring without meiosis or fertilization |
| What are 4 types of asexual reproduction? | 1. Fission 2. Budding 3. Regeneration 4. Cloning |
| What is fission? | Cell division in prokaryotes in which a cell creates two identical copies |
| What is budding? | A new organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent |
| What is regeneration? | When an offspring grows from a piece of its parent |
| What is cloning? | When identical cells are produced from a multicellular organism; this happens in a lab |
| What is heredity? | The passing of traits from parent to parent |
| Who was Gregor Mendel? | Austrian monk who was the first to find evidence of heredity |
| What is a gene? | A section of a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait |
| What is a punnette square | A diagram that shows all possible genetic combinations in the offspring |
| What is a dominant trait? | The trait that will appear if only one dominant gene is present |
| What is a recessive trait? | The trait that is hidden by the dominant gene |
| What is a genotype? | A pair of alleles for a given trait |
| What is a phenotype? | The appearance of the trait |
| What is incomplete dominance? | A pattern of heredity in which neither allele is dominant and there are three possible genes |
| What is codominance? | A pattern of heredity in which some alleles share dominance |
| What is polygenic inheritance? | A pattern of heredity when there are multiple genes and several phenotypes are possible |
| What is sex-linked inheritance? | When a specific gene or disorder is located on a sex chromosome |
| What are the four nitrogen-containing bases? | 1. Adenine 2. Cytosine 3. Guanine 4. Thymine |
| What are the three steps of DNA replication? | 1. The DNA twisted ladder unzips 2. Free nucleotides attach to each side of the unzipped 3. Two new DNA molecules are made |
| What is a codon? | A set of three bases in a row that carries the code for a specific amino acid |
| What is RNA? | Ribonucleic acid |
| What is DNA? | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| What is transcription? | The gene is copied: mRNA copies the gene, codon by codon, and takes the copied gene to the ribosome |
| What is translation? | The gene is read, or translated, and make at the ribosome. tRNA reads the message, codon by codon, and brings over the correct amino acid |
| What is a mutation? | A change in the original sequence of DNA bases in a gene; a change in a gene |
| What is substitution? | One base pair is replaced by another |
| What is insertion? | An extra base is added |
| What is deletion? | A base pair is removed |
| What are fossils? | The solidified remains or imprints of once living organisms |
| What are fossil records? | Records made up of all of the fossils ever discovered on Earth; a historical sequence of life on our planet |
| What is evolution? | Change over time in populations of living organisms |
| What is an adaptation? | Any trait or characteristic that helps an organism survive |
| What is a species? | A group of organisms that can reproduce with one another and produce viable offspring |
| What is natural selection? | The process which organisms with favorable traits, survive, reproduce and pass on these traits to the next generation |
| What are the four things necessary for natural selection? | 1. Overpopulation 2. Genetic variation 3. Struggle to survive 4. Successful reproduction |
| When does natural selection lead to evolution? | When most of the individual organisms have the adaptation needed for survival |
Created by:
rdliddell
Popular Biology sets