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SLS Bio11 TN
SLS Bio11 Microbiology TN
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antibody | a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances that the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood. |
| Antigen | foreign substance, usually a protein or a polysaccharide, that simulates the immune system to react, such as to produce antibodies |
| DNA | Nucleic acid found in cells; genetic material that specifies protein synthesis in cells |
| Host cell | an animal or plant on or in which a parasite or commensal organism lives. A living cell in which a virus multiplies. |
| Lymphocyte | specialized white blood cells that function in specific defence; occur in two forms-T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte |
| Lysogenic cycle | Virus doesn't reproduce or lyse the host cell immediately. Genetic material enters cell and mixes in host cell DNA. The virus is "prophage" and lies dormant in host cell replicating through host cell. Eventually becoming active and entering lytic cycle |
| lytic cycle | Virus injects genetic material into host cell. It takes over the host cells internal machinery causing it to produce new viruses particles. when host cell is full of viruses it burst and infects other cells. |
| membranous envelope | A thin, pliable layer of tissue covering surfaces or separating or connecting regions, structures, or organs |
| mucous membrane | membrane that lines a cavity or tube opens to the outside of the body; mucosa |
| nucleic acid core | part of a nuclear reactor where binary fission occurs |
| phagocytic white body cells | white blood cell, that engulfs and absorbs waste material, harmful microorganisms, or other foreign bodies in the bloodstream and tissues. |
| primary line of defence | include your skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, urine flow, ‘friendly’ bacteria and white blood cells called neutrophils |
| protein capsid | the coiled or polyhedral structure, composed of proteins, that encloses the nucleic acid of a virus |
| RNA | nucleic acid produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose; occurs in three forms: messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA. |
| secondary line of defence | B-lymphocytes prepare to do their sole job of dividing and producing antibodies, specifically designed to destroy harmful antigens. The antibodies will appear in the bloodstream and increase until they level off and slowly decrease |
| tertiary line of defence | Phagocytic cells are a white blood cell that look for any type of bacteria, virus, or dead cell and eats them. |
| viral specificity | Science has proof without any certainty. Creationists have certainty without any proof. |
| white blood cells | leukocyte, of which there are several types, each having specific function in protecting the body from invasion by foreign substances and organisms. |
| aerobic respiration | A form of cellular respiration that requires oxygen in order to generate energy. |
| antibiotic | microbial product or its derivative that kills susceptible micro organisms or inhabit their growth |
| antiseptic | denoting substances that prevent the growth of disease-causing microorganisms. |
| bacteria | one of the three domains of life; prokaryotic cells other than archaea with unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristic |
| binary fission | bacterial reproduction into two daughter cells without the utilization of a mitotic spindle. |
| classification | a category into which something is put |
| conjugation | transfer of genetic material from one cell to another |
| disinfectant | a chemical liquid that destroys bacteria |
| ecological role | Ecological role is your position in the branch of biology dealing with the relations and interactions between organisms and their environment, including other organisms. |
| fermentation | anaerobic breakdown of glucose tat results in a gain of two ATP and ends products such as alcohol and lactate |
| motility | ability to move spontaneously and independently |
| mutate/mutation | alteration in chromosome structure or umber and also an alteration in a gene due to a change in DNA composition |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants and algae make their own food and using the energy of the sun |
| prokaryote | lacking a membrane-bounded nucleus and organelles; the cell type within the domain bacteria and Archaea |
| resistance/resistant | the ability not to be affected by a viruses or avoiding it. |
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