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OAT Bio
Chapter 14 - Classification
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Taxonomy | science of classification and nomenclature used |
| Kingdom | 5 of em; divided into phyla/divisions |
| Phyla | several of em; has subphyla/subdivisions |
| Subphyla/Subdivisions | divided into classes |
| Species | animals of the same ____ can mate and produce fertile offspring |
| The 7 taxonomic levels | KPCOFGS King Phillip Came Over For Grape Soda |
| Who invented the scheme for classifying genus and species | Carl Linnaeus |
| The 5 Kingdoms | Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia |
| Viruses | nonliving so not placed in a kingdom; they don't carry out processes |
| Monera | prokaryotes - single celled organisms that reproduce asexually |
| Protista | primitive eukaryotes with both plant and animal characteristics; either single cells or colonies; can carry out all life processes |
| Fungi | nonphotosynthetic plants; two kinds: saprophytic and parasitic; cell walls of chitin |
| Plantae | multicellular, nonmotile, differentiated tissues, and photosynthetic; alteration of generations |
| Animalia | multicellular, motile, heterotrophic, differentiated tissues |
| Cyanobacteria | live in fresh water, cell wall, pigments no flagella, no nucleus, chloroplast or mitochondria; Monera |
| Bacteria Morphology | Cocci, Bacilli, Spirilla, duplexes, clusters, chains |
| Protozoa | Protista; single-celled but heterotrophic; amoeba |
| Algae | Protista; photosynthetic, phytoplankton |
| Slime Molds | can be considered protists but most say fungi |
| Types of Fungi | mushroom, yeast, lichens; reporduce by sporulation; eukaryotic |
| Bryophyta | Plantae mosses and liverworts; simple plants, must live in moist area, no woody material (xylem); gametophyte is dominant generation |
| Tracheophyta | Plantae ferns and seed plants; vascular complex plants, xylem, phloem, radial symmetry, waxy surface, stomata; sporophyte dominant generation; 4 divisions |
| 1. Psilophyta | most primitive tracheophyte, rhizoids instead of roots, one vascular bundle |
| 2. Lycophyta | ancient, roots, non-woody, microphyll leaves |
| 3. Sphenophyta | roots, microphyll leaves, hollow jointed stems |
| 4. Pterophyta (most impt) | many vascular bundles, tracheids, no seeds, heart-shaped leaves; grow from rhizome (underground stem); grow in length |
| Coniferophyta | plantae, gymnosperms (conifers), cones (megaspores from female, microspores from males) and clusters of leaves; secondary growth; woody |
| Anthophyta | angiosperms aka flowers (reproductive structure); covered seeds, most abundant; fruit is seed dispersal method |
| 1. Dicotyledons | net-veined leaves, two cotyledons, flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5, cambium so woody |
| 2. Monocots | parallel veins, one cotyledon, herbaceous, flower parts in multiples of 3 |
| Characteristics of Animalia | Differentiation of tissues, Alimentation, Locomotion, Bilateral Symmetry, NS, Chemical-Coordinating System |
| Alimentation | ingest in bulk, digest, and eliminate |
| Porifera | Animalia, sponges, two layers of cells, sessile |
| Cnidarians | Animalia, two layers of cells (ectoderm and endoderm); digestive sac sealed at one end |
| Platyhelminthes | Animalia, flatworms, 3 layers of cells, no circulatory system, small NS, ribbonlike |
| Nematoda | Animalia, round worms, long digestive tube with anus, no circulatory systems, nerve cord, nerve ring |
| Annelida | Animalia, segmented worms, coelom (body cavity) in mesoderm, have well-defined systems like NS, circulatory, etc |
| Arthropoda | Animalia, open circulatory system, exoskeleton, jointed appendages, insects arachnids and crustaceans |
| Echinoderms | Animalia, radially symmetrical, regeneration |
| Chordates | notochord (stiff dorsal rod) includes vertebrates |
| Vertebrates | have backbone, amphibians, reptiles, birds, fish, mammals |
| Fish | two-chambered heart, gills, external fertilization,jawless (eel), cartilaginous (shark), and bony (regular) |
| Amphibia | 3 chambered heart, legs, no tail, lungs, external fertilization |
| Reptiles | terrestrial, lungs, internal fertilization, 3 chambered heart, cold-blooded |
| Birds | 4 chambered heart, eggs have shells |
| Mammals | feed offspring with milk, 3 types: marsupials, monetremes, placental |
| Monetremes | lay leathery eggs, no nipples (platypus) |
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