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OCR - U2 - Evo
The Theory of Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is natural selection | The selection by the environment of particular individuals with specific variation who will survive to reproduce and pass on their genes |
| Who was Darwin | A british naturalist who was most famous for his work on evolution and his book the origin of species |
| What were Darwins four observations | - Organisms produce more offspring then survive - Intraspecific variation exists - Some of these characteristics can be passed on - better adapted individuals are more likely to surivive |
| What did his work on natural selection suggest | - Phenotypic intraspecific variation exists - Predation, disease, competition, create a struggle to survive. - Better adapted organisms are more likely to survive and pass on their advantageous adaptations to their offspring. |
| What is an advantageous adaptation | An adaptation in a species that means it has an advantage over others in its species or over other species |
| If an advantageous adaptation is passed on what will happen to the population | The population will slowly have more and more individuals with that advantageous adaptation |
| What is speciation | The formation of a new species |
| What is a species | A selection of organisms that can mate and reproduce fertile offspring. A donkey and horses offspring for example is not fertile |
| When can an organism be said to be its own species | When it can no longer produce fertile offspring with its previous species |
| What did Darwin's finches determine about speciation | he observed that a group of different Finches had one characteristic that was different, they all had different beaks, as each was isolated on a different island they all had different sources of food as such the beaks changed accordingly |
| What is a selection pressure, and how does this relate to Darwins finches | An external pressure that direction evolution in a specific direction, in the case of the finches different food sources determined their beak shape. |
| What other selection pressures are there: | - Food availability - Predators - Disease - Physical/Chemical factors |
| What is predation | The relationship between a predator and prey, the predator will hunt and kill the prey for food, the prey will try to evade the predator |
| What kinds of evidence support evolution | - Fossil evidence - DNA Evidence - Molecular Evidence |
| What is the Fossil record and what evidence does it provide about evolution | Fossils are organisms whose bone structure is preserved in rock, by arranging fossils in chronological order you can see the gradual changed in the species. This provides evidence for evolution, adaptation and speciation |
| What DNA evidence exists that supports the theory of evolution | By analysing the DNA of closely related species, gradual changes can be isolated in the base sequences of the organisms DNA. Closer related organisms therefore should have more similar DNA as less time has occurred for genetic variation to occur |
| What molecular evidence exists for evolution | Protein and primary structure of proteins can be analysed in supposedly related species and similarities and small changes can be isolated, this further agreeing with the idea of evolution. |
Created by:
delldom
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