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OCR - U2 - V & A
Variation & Adaptation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Variation | The differences between individuals |
| What word means the differences between members of one species and give an example of a difference present in a species | Intraspecific Variation - Weight of animals within a species |
| What word means the differences between different species and give an example of a difference present in a species | Interspecific Variation - The weight of different types of birds in different species |
| What is continuous variation | When individuals within a population vary within a range of values, an example may be height, human height can range from 0cm - 182cm |
| What is discontinuous variation | When individuals fall within a series of distinct categories due to their variations, for example you might be blood type A or O you cannot have intermediate values. |
| Give some Examples of Continuous variation in plants, animals and bacteria | Animals - milk yield / Mass(weight) Plants - Number of leaves / Mass(weight) Bacteria - width/length |
| Give some Examples of discontinuous variation in plants, animals and bacteria | Animals - Gender / Blood group Plants - Colour / seed shape Bacteria - Antibiotic resistance / Pigment production |
| What might effect variation in organisms | - Environment - Genetics |
| What factors effect genetic variation | - Different species have different genes - Genetic Intraspecific variation will be as a result of Allele differences - These alleles will effect our genotype further effecting our Phenotype |
| What is a phenotype | The culmination of an organisms visible characteristics |
| What is a genotype | The culmination of an organisms genetic information |
| What factors effect environmental variation | Variation may also be caused by changes in habitat, temperature, food or lifestyle. An example may be something like getting a tan, developing obesity, these are environmentally effected variation |
| What are some examples of variation that is effected both by the environment and by genetics | Height - You might have the genes to be tall, but poor diet and lack of exercise may mean you dont reach that height Flagellum - An organism may have the genes to develop a flagellum but if the environment lacks metal irons it wont |
| What is an Adaptation | A feature of an organism that enhances its survival and long term reproductive success. |
| What causes adaptations to occur | - Evolution - Natural selection |
| What kinds of adaptation are there | - Behavioural - Physiological - Anatomical (structural) |
| What is a behavioural adaptation with some examples | The way an organism acts to increase its chance of survival. - Possums play dead to escape predatorial attacks. - Scorpions dance to court a potential mate, ensuring its off the right species this ensure successful mating |
| What is a physiological adaptation with some examples | Chemical process within the organism increase its chance of survival. - Bears slow down their metabolism to survive winters by conserving energy. - Bacteria release antibiotics to kill off competitor bacteria |
| What is an anatomical/structural adaptation with some examples | Structural features of an organisms body that increase its chance of survival. - Otters have streamlined bodies to swim faster and evade predators. - Whales have a thick blubber layer to keep them warm in cold seas. |
| How are Xerophytes a good example of a well adapted organism | xerophytes have features that enable it to survive in very hot dry climates, sunken stomata reduced in number with hairs to trap moist air and slow down the rate of transpiration, |
Created by:
delldom
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