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Biology Final
Biology final semester 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who studied pea plants? | Mendel |
| What were the differences he observed in the pea plants? | Smooth or shriveled seeds, tall or short, yellow or green pods, terminal leaves or not. |
| What is genetics? | The study of inheritance of characteristics. |
| Why did Mendel use pea plants? | They were easy to self pollinate or cross-pollinate, quick maturing, and they produce many offspring, trait differences are easy to see. |
| What is a gamete? | A sex cell. |
| What is pollination? | The transfer of pollen to the pistol. |
| What is Mendel's number 1 law? | The law of Dominance. It states that only one form of the traits is seen at a time. |
| Dominant: | The allele that is expressed when it is present. |
| Recessive: | The allele that is not expressed when the dominant allele is present. |
| How do you write dominant and recessive traits? | Recessive is written lowercase, and is the same letter as the dominant trait. Dominant is a capitol. |
| What is the female part of a plant? The male? | Pistol (ovule) Stamen (pollen) |
| What is the rule of unit factors? | 2 factors control every trait located on chromosomes. |
| Is the dominant trait always more common in a population? If no, give examples. | No. Huntingtons disease. |
| What is Mendel's 2nd law? | Law of segregation. 2 alleles for each trait must separate when gametes are formed. |
| Phenotype: | physical characteristics. |
| Genotype: | genetic makeup (allele combination) |
| What is a pedigree? | A graphic representation of genetic inheritance. Half filled in is carrier. Empty is nothing. Full is affected. |
| What is an autosome? | A pair of matching homologous chromosomes that do not carry information about gender. |
| What are the sex chromosomes? | xx female xy male |
| Who were sex linked traits discovered by? | Thomas Hunt Morgan. |
| Who do sex linked genes affect? | Generally men. |
| What chromosome are sex linked genes? | x chromosome. they are diseases that affect men that can skip generations and are carried by women. |
| What are examples of sex linked diseases? | Hemophilia, red-green color blindness, muscular dystrophy. |
| Can age and gender affect gene function? | yes. |
| What environmental factors can affect phenotype? | sunlight, chemicals, nutrition, temp, and hormones. |
| What is codominance? | where both phenotypes express alleles evenly. |
| What is a mutation? | a change in a gene |
| KNOW PUNNET SQUARE | KNOW PUNNET SQUARE |
| What is the function of DNA? What does it stand for? | It stored and transmits genetic information that controls what proteins a cell makes and when it makes them. Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| What is the base pairing rule? | It states that adenine bonds with thymine and guanine bonds with cytosine. |
| What roles do enzymes play in DNA replication? | They separate the chains and (helicases) bind to separated chains until new chains are made (polymases) and proof read DNA and repair any errors. |
| What is DNA made of? | It is made of deoxyribose (sugar), a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group. |
| How was DNA structure discovered? | A group of scientists were studying DNA. Among them was Rosaline Franklin. She used x-rays to photograph the DNA. She got a photograph that showed her the double-helix. The photograph was stolen by Watson and Krick, and they got a NObel prize for it. |
| Why did Rosaline Franklin not get recognised for her work? | She died at a young age due to the radiaation put of by the x-rays. |
| Who made the complimentary base pairing rules? | Chargoph |
| What is transcription? | when you transcribe the DNA code onto messanger RNA |
| Translation? | Translation is the changing of messenger RNA into proteins. |
| What was early earth like? | It was very hot, because meteors colliding with earth and volcanoes. It also had very little oxygen, it had water vapor and co2. Also, water appeared 3.9 million years ago. |
| How old is earth? | Earth is 4.6 billion years old |
| Evidence for evolution? | Fossils- they show changes and similarities in organisms. Embryos- all embryos start out very similar, but as they develop they change. |
| What were the bacteria that produced oxygen? |
Created by:
schoerra
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