Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
OAT Bio
Chapter 11 - Excretion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Excretion | removal of metabolic wastes produced by the body |
| elimination | removal of indigestible material |
| Aerobic Respiration | leads to production of CO2 and H2O |
| Deamination | in the liver; leads to nitrogenous wastes like urea and ammonia |
| Protozoans/Cnidarians | Water soluble wastes can exit by simple diffusion thru cell cuz all cells are in contact with external watery environment |
| Passive Excretion | excretion by simple diffusion through cell membrane |
| Annelids | CO2 exits through the skin; Nephridia excrete water, mineral salts, and nitrogenous wastes as urea |
| Arthropods | CO2 exits thru spiracles (openings) and comes from tracheae; they release nitrogenous wastes as uric acid crystals through Malphigian tubules to intestine |
| Principle Excretion Organs | liver, kidney, lungs, skin |
| Lungs | CO2 and H2O vapor diffuse from blood and are exhaled |
| Skin | excretes water and salts (sweat) |
| Liver | processes N2 wastes and other chemicals; urea is produced here cuz of deamination of AA |
| Kidneys | urea goes here from liver to make urine which is excreted here; also maintains osmolarity of blood (regulate concentration of salt and water); conserves glucose water and salt |
| Nephrons | functional unit of kidneys |
| three regions of kidney | outer cortex, inner medulla, renal pelvis |
| Bowman's Capsule | bulb in nephrons that holds glomerulus; leads to a long tubule with three parts (proximal tubule, distal tubule, and loop of Henle); in cortex |
| Glomerulus | capillary bed in Bowman's Capsule |
| Loop of Henle | runs through the medulla and is connected to the convoluted tubes (which are in cortex) |
| Urine Pathway | collecting tubules-pelvis-ureter-bladder-urethra-toilet |
| 3 steps to urine formation | filtration, secretion, reabsorption |
| filtration | passive process driven by pressure of blood; blood plasma to glomurulus then to Bowman's Capsule; filtrate is isotonic with blood plasma |
| Secretion | nephron secretes harmful substances like acids into filtrate by passive and active transport |
| Reabsorption | essential substances (water glucose etc) are reabsorbed from filtrate and back into blood; primarily in proximal convoluted tube |
| Osmolarity gradient | caused by solutes exiting and re-entering segments of the nephron (tubules and loop of Henle); increases from cortex to medulla; urea and salt contribute to it; makes hella concentrated urine |
| Countercurrent system | arrangement of Loop of Henle allows for reabsorption of 99% of filtrate which leads to concentrated urine and conserved water and salt; causes medulla to be hyperosmolar with respect to filtrate |
| Osmosis | Water flows out of collecting tubules via this and is reabsorbed |
| ADH | hormone that increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water, allowing more water to be absorbed and more concentrated urine |
| Primary function of kidney | conserve water and salts while excreting harmful wastes |
| Plants | no specific excretory system; they use "waste products" like CO2 in photosynthesis and any extra wastes exit plant via transpiration (stomates) |
Created by:
JaeBae4444
Popular Biology sets