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OAT Bio
Chapter 10 - Digestion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Digestion | degradation of large molecules to smaller molecules that can be absorbed into bloodstream and used by cells |
| Unicellular Digestion | Phagocytosis of food, vacuoles form around food, lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles and release enzymes then food diffuses to cytoplasm |
| Paramecium | food into oral groove and cytopharynx--food vacuole--enzymes--food into cytoplasm |
| Physical Breakdown | cutting/grinding in mouth then churning in digestive tract (increase surface area of food) |
| Chemical Breakdown | done by enzymatic hydrolysis |
| Cnidarians | tentacles bring food to mouth and put food into cavity; enzymes are secreted into cavity; digestion begins outside of cell but is completed inside cell |
| Annelids | mouth to anus digestive tract; have crop (stores food), gizzard (grinds food), intestine (increased SA for digestion/absorption) |
| Arthropods | similar to annelids but have jaws and salivary glands |
| Human Digestive Tract | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus |
| Accessory Organs | liver, pancreas, gallbladder, salivary glands |
| Oral Cavity | where mechanical and chemical digestion begins |
| Mastication | biting and chewing; mechanical digestion |
| Chemical Digestion | begins in mouth when saliva is secreted and lubricates food |
| Saliva | contains enzyme salivary amylase to hydrolyze starch to maltose |
| Esophagus | muscular tube leading from mouth to stomach where food moves down by peristalsis |
| Stomach | large muscular organ that stores and partially digests food |
| mucus | secreted by glands to protect stomach from acidic juices |
| pepsin | protein-hydrolyzing enzyme secreted by glands in stomach |
| HCl | secreted by glands in stomach to kill bacteria and activate pepsin |
| chyme | acidic mix of partially digested food that goes to small intestine via pyloric sphincter |
| Small Intestine | where chemical digestion and absorption occurs; has 3 parts (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and has villi |
| Villi | used in small intestine for absorption; has lacteals where fatty acids go |
| Duodenum | where most digestion in small intestine occurs; where chyme and secretions from pancreas, gallbladder, and liver mix; secretes enzymes |
| Lipases | digest fat |
| Aminopeptidases | polypeptide digestion |
| dissacharidases | digest maltose, sucrose, and lactose |
| Lactase | breaks down lactose |
| Liver | produces bile (stored in gallbladder prior) |
| Bile | emulsifies fats |
| Pancreas | produces enzymes like amylase (carbohydrate digestion), typsin (protein), and lipase; secretes a basic juice tht neutralizes acidic chyme |
| Large Intestine | provides absorption of salts and water; connected to rectum |
| Plants Digestion | store polymers, starches, lipids, and proteins in cells; principle storage food is starch; when nutrients are needed starch is broken down by hydrolysis |
| Fungi | enzymes secreted to outside of organism and nutrients are absorbed and used for E; extracellular digestion |
| Rhizoids | typical saprophyte that lives on dead organic material (on bread mold); secretes enzymes into environment |
Created by:
JaeBae4444
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