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Biology - Unit 2
WSHS - Biology - Unit 2 Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | collection of living matted enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life |
| Cell theory | idea that all living things are composed of cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| Nucleus | small dense region within most nuclei in which the assemble of proteins begins |
| Eukaryote | organism whose cells contain nuclei |
| Prokaryote | single-celled organism lacking a nucleus |
| Organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| Cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane – not including the nucleus |
| Chromatin | one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicate chromosome |
| Ribosome | small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified |
| Golgi apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| Lysosome | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| Vacuole | cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Mitochondria | cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| Chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy form sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| Cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| Cell wall | strong supporting layer around that cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| Concentration | the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume |
| Diffusion | process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| Equilibrium | when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| Hypertonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| Hypotonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| Facilitated diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| Active transport | energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
Created by:
ktedder
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