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MB 302 Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| RNA World | The hypothesis that the first replicating entity was an RNA molecule |
| Ribozymes | RNA molecules with catalytic activity |
| Porphyrins | A group of chemicals that help form many important substances in the body, including hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen in the blood |
| Stromatolites | Domelike microbial mat communities consisting of filamentous photosynthetic bacteria and occluded sediments (often calcareous or siliceous) |
| Endosymbiotic Hypothesis | The hypothesis that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose when bacteria established an endosymbiotic relationship with ancestral cells and then evolved into organelles |
| Hydrogenosome | An organism found in some anaerobic protists that produce ATP by fermentation |
| Natural Classification System | A classification system that arranges organisms into groups whose members share many characteristics |
| Phenetic Classification System | A classification system that groups organisms together based on the similarity of their observable characteristics |
| Phylogenetic/Phyletic Classification System | A classification system based on evolutionary relationships, rather than the general similarity of characteristics |
| Genotypic Classification System | The use of genetic data to construct a classification scheme for the identification of an unknown species or the phylogeny of a group of microbes |
| G+C Content | The percent of an organism's genome that consists of guanine and cytosine; used in taxonomic analysis (GC has triple bonds, AT has only double bonds, making GC require a higher melting point) |
| Nucleic Acid Hybridization | The process of forming a hybrid double-stranded DNA molecule using a heated mixture of single-stranded DNAs from two different sources |
| Molecular Chronometer | A phylogenetic marker; a highly conserved protein (e.g. ubiquitin) or nucleic acid (e.g an rRNA) whose rate of mutation is constant, and which can therefore be used to construct phylogenetic trees |
| External Node | Living organisms |
| Universal Phylogenetic Tree | A phylogenetic tree that considers the evolutionary relationships among organisms from all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya) |
| Core Genome | The common set of genes found in all genomes in a species or other taxon |
| Pan-genome | The collection of genes found in all strains that belong to a single species or other taxonomic group |
| Branched Phytane Hydrocarbons | |
| Kanamycin | |
| Chloramphenicol | |
| Anisomysin | |
| Crenarchaeota | Phylum of Archaea that resembles archaeal ancestor; typically thermo/hyperthermophiles |
| Sulfolobus | Genus of Archaea within phylum Crenarchaeota; thermoacidophiles, aerobic, chemoorganoheterotrophs or chemolithotrophs; found in hot springs, soil |
| Thermoproteus | Genus of Archaea within phylum Crenarchaeota; strict anaerobes; acidophiles and neutrophiles; chemoorganoautotrophs or chemolithoautotrophs; us anaerobic respiration (S final e- acceptor); found in hot springs |
| Euryarchaeota | Phylum of Archaea that is found in many different environments and displays a variety of metabolic patterns; has 5 major physiologic groups |
| Methanogens/Methanotrophs | |
| Methanogenesis | |
| Haloarchaea | |
| Halobacterium salinarum | |
| Retinal | |
| Archaearhodopsin | |
| Halorhodopsin | |
| Photoreceptors | |
| Thermoplasms | |
| Extremely Thermophilic S-reducing Euryarchaeota | |
| Sulfate-Reducing Euryarchaeota | |
| Aquificae | |
| Aquifex | |
| Thermotogae | |
| Thermotoga | |
| Deinococcus-Thermus | |
| Deinococcus | |
| Chlorobi | |
| Chlorobium | |
| Chlorosomes | |
| Chloroflexi | |
| Chloroflexus | |
| Cyanobacteria | |
| Phycobiliproteins | |
| Phycocyanin | |
| Phycoerythrin | |
| Fragmentation | |
| Multiple Fission | |
| Baeocytes | |
| Hormogonia | |
| Akinetes | |
| Glycogen | |
| Polyphosphate Granule | |
| Carboxysome | |
| Cyanophycin Granule | |
| Heterocysts | |
| Gas Vacuole | |
| Phototaxis | |
| Gliding Motility | |
| Planctomycetes | |
| Planctomyces | |
| Stalk and Holdfast | |
| Swarmer Cells | |
| Anammoxosome | |
| Anammox Reaction | |
| Chlamydiea | |
| Chlamydia | |
| Elementary Body (EB) | |
| Reticulate Body (RB) | |
| Spirochaetes | |
| Spirochetes | |
| Periplasmic Flagella (aka axial fibrils) | |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | |
| Lyme Disease |
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