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Biology Chapter 4

Carbon

TermDefinition
Organic Chemistry Study of carbon compounds
Carbon Atom Abbreviated C, 4 bonds, approximately 10,000 different carbon molecules
Carbon Backbone The carbon skeleton of a molecule.
Carbon Backbone Variation 1. Number of carbons(length of chain) 2. Branching 3. Double bond presence and position 4. Rings
Hydrocarbons Organic molecules consisting of only C and H atoms. Ex: methane - fuel, hydrophobic, insoluble
Saturated A hydrocarbon in which all bonds between the carbon atoms in the backbone are single bonds
Unsaturated A hydrocarbon that contains one or more double bonds between carbons in backbone
Functional Group Definition Chemical groups that affect molecular function. They attach to the carbon backbone and change the molecule's properties to specific characteristics. Offer Functionality
Functional Groups Listing 1. Hydroxyl 2. Aldehyde(Carbonyl) 3. Ketone(Carbonyl) 4. Carboxyl 5. Amino 6. Sylfhydryl 7. Phosphate
Hydroxyl 1. Makes molecule polar 2. Behaves as weak acid 3. Found in alcohols ex: glycerol and sugars
Aldehyde 1. Makes molecule polar(because it is a carbonyl) 2. Located at the end of the carbon backbone 3. Found in glucose
Ketone 1. Makes molecule polar(because it is a carbonyl) 2. Located within the carbon backbone 3. Found in fructose
Carboxyl 1. Behaves as an acid(throws H+) 2. Found in amino acids and fatty acids
Amino 1. Behaves as a base(draws in H+) 2. Found in amino acids
Sulfhydyl 1. Found in an important amino acid cysteine and Thiols 2. Forms disulfide cross bridges
Phosphate 1. Behaves as an acid 2. Makes molecules very polar and hydrophilic 3. Gives negative charge when behaving as an acid 4. Important in energy transfer between molecules 5. Found in phospholipids, DNA, RNA, ATP(energy)
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Created by: TimBiology1
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