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Biology Chapter 3

Water and Hydrogen Bond

TermDefinition
Characteristics of Water: What makes it suitable for Life? Water is a polar molecule 1. Cohesion and Adhesion 2. Temperature Stabilization A. High Specific Heat B. High Heat of Vaporization 3. Density of Water 4. Solvent of Life
Cohesion The linking together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds
Adhesion The clinging of one substance to a different substance
Surface Tension A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
Capillary Action Due to both adhesion and cohesion of water molecules
High Specific Heat Amount of heat(energy) required to raise waters temperature
High Heat of Vaporization The amount of heat required to evaporate water(H-Bonds break when water evaporates)(Liquid -> Gas)
Density Density = Mass(g)/Volume(cm^3 or ml) at room temperature(25'C)
Solvent of Life H2O is a universal solvent
Solution A liquid that is a mixture of two or more substances that is not chemically bonded together
Solvent Dissolving agent(medium)
Solute Substance that is dissolved
Soluble Capable of being dissolved in the solvent water. Hydrophilic - "Water lover"
Insoluble Incapable of being dissolved in the solvent water. Hydrophobic - "Water fearer"
Hydrophilic (water|loving) Substances that have an affinity for water. Have a charge. Usually ionic and polar covalent substances. ex: Salt(Na+1Cl-1)
Hydrophobic (water|fearing) Substances that do not have an affinity for water. Don't have a charge. They can repel water. Uncharged and non-polar covalent substances. ex: fats, oils
Hydration Shell The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion.
Concentration Ratio: Solute/Solvent
Ionization(Disassociation) of Water When water undergoes ionization, it will form a HYDROGEN ION(H+) that has properties of an acid, and a HYDORXIDE ION(OH-) that has properties of a base
Acid Substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. PROTON (H+)DONOR - will soak up excess OH-(Base). Ex: HCL
Base Substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. PROTON (H+)ACCEPTOR - will soak up excess H+(Acid). Ex: Na+OH
pH(power of hydrogen ion) The negative logarithm(base 10 exponent) of the hydrogen ion concentration. pH = -log[H+]
Buffers A substance that has a duel function in that it can minimize changes in either the concentration of H+ and OH- ion in a solution. Resist changes in pH
Going Down pH Scale Each whole number change represents a 10x increase in the hydrogen ion concentration(More Acidic)
Going Up pH Scale Each whole number change represents a 10x decrease in the hydrogen ion concentration(More Basic)
Created by: TimBiology1
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