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OAT Orgo

Chapter 1 - Nomenclature

TermDefinition
Nomenclature conventions for naming compounds
Alkanes simplest organic molecules with only C and H held together by single bonds
Str8-Chain Alkanes have formula CnH(2n+2); are fat soluble aka nonpolar
Methane CH4
Ethane CH3-CH3
Propane CH3-CH2-CH3
Butane CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
Pent- 5 Carbons
Hex- 6 Carbons
Hept- 7 Carbons
Oct- 8 Carbons
Non- 9 Carbons
Dec- 10 Carbons
Undec- 11 Carbons
Dodec- 12 Carbons
IUPAC rules 1. identify longest back-bone 2. Number it, keeping numbers for the substituents as low as possible 3. Name substituents 4. Assign Numbers 5. Put whole name together, remembering to alphabetize substituents
Substituent naming named according to appropriate prefix with ending -YL
When alphabetizing, these are included as part of the name Neo-, Cyclo-, Iso-
Cycloalkanes alkanes in ring form
Alkenes compounds with C-C double bonds; -ene ending
Vinyl- monosubstituted ethylenes
Allyl- propylenes substituted at C3 position
Cycloalkenes alkenes in ring form
Alkynes compounds with C-C triple bonds
Haloalkanes compounds with a halogen substituent
-OH (alcohols) have top priority for the lowest number substituent
Diols molecules with two hydroxyl groups
Vicinal diols with -OH groups on adjacent carbons
Geminal diols with -OH groups on same carbon
Ethers have prefix alkoxy-or given common name
Aldehyde terminal COH and receives number 1; -AL suffix
Ketone C double bond O; -ONE suffix or -OXO prefix
Epoxides (ethers) three-membered rings
Carboxylic Acids ending -OIC ACID (COOH); terminal; C1 when present
Created by: JaeBae4444
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