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Celebration #5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What kingdom are invertebrates a part of? | animalia |
| Invertebrates are a group of ________ | phyla |
| How many phylums are invertebrates? | over 30 |
| How many animals are invertebrates? | 95% |
| Phylum platyhelminthes? | take in food and release waste from same opening, acoelomate, lack circulatory system, sexual/asexual, some parasitic |
| what are acoelomates? | lack a body cavity |
| examples of platyhelminthes? | tapeworms, blood flukes |
| describe tapeworms | eggs ingested, hatch and attach to intestines (w/ scolex) |
| how are segments (proglottids) added in tapeworms? | feed off of sewage in intestines |
| describe blood flukes | contaminated freshwater (w/snails), larvae enter skin, lay eggs in blood stream, cause inflammation, scarring, anemia |
| Phylum nematoda? | roundworms surrounded by cuticle (protection), contain pseudocoelom, some are decomposers/eat microorganisms/are parasites, non-segmented |
| what is a pseudocoelom? | false body cavity |
| 2 examples of nematoda? | pinworms, hook worms |
| pinworms? | contaminate food, clothing, fingernails, live in anus, lay eggs on skin, cause itchiness, most common worm infection in U.S. |
| hookworms? | contaminated soil, enters body though bare feet/hands or swallowing soil, attaches to small intestine and sucks blood, causes anemia/abdominal pain/protein deficiency |
| what is elephantiasis? | filarial worms enters through mosquito bites |
| Phylum Annelida? | earthworms/leeches, mulitple segments with nephridia/heart/ganglia, coelomates, terrestrial/marine/aquatic |
| what is nephridia? | gets rid of waste |
| Phylum mollusca? (HINT: know defintions!) | contains visceral mass (contains organs), mantle (produces shell), radula (helps obtain food), ctenidia (gills in mantle), trocophore larvae, can indicate pollution |
| examples of mollusca? | snails, clams, octopus |
| Phylum Porifera: Sponges? | filter feeders, choanocytes and spicules, asex. and sexual, chemical defenses, pharmaceutical drugs |
| What are choanocytes? spicules? | flagellated cells that bring water to sponge; cells that give sponge strength |
| Phylum cnidaria? | jellyfish/sea anemones/coral, nematocytes, have polyp (asexual) and medusa (sexual) stage, hydrostatic skeleton, no true organs |
| what are nematocytes? | stinging cells |
| Phylum anthropoda? | Largest phylum (insects), open circulatory system, exoskeleton, coelomates, undergo metamorphosis, jointed appendages, 3 segments (head, thorax, abdomen) |
| Phylum Echinodermata? | water-vascular system, release stomach to obtain food, ossicles for protection, starfish and sanddollars |
| Kingdom Plantae? | multicellular, Eukaryotas, autotrophs, asex and sexual, vascular tissue (xylem and phloem), gametphyte and sporophyte genetic changes |
| Describe sexual rep. in plants | gametophyte stage (haploid), sporophyte stage (diploid), plants pollinated and fertilized (produce diploid zygote), sporophyte undergoes meiosis and mitosis to get to gametophyte |
| what are antheridia and archegonia? | male reproductive parts; female rep. parts |
| Phylum bryophyta? | land plants, water for reprod., NO vascular tissue, gametophyte is dominant stage, use spores to reproduce, includes moss/riverwors/hornworts |
| Gymnosperms? | "cone-bearing", needle-like leaves w/ strobilus (cones), pollinated by wind, sexual rep., xylem to transport water and phloem to transport sugar |
| Angiosperms? | flowering, more than 80% of plants, cotyledon/ monocots/eudicots, fruits (ovaries) to carry seeds, reproduce through wind or vectors |
| what is a cotyledon? monocots? eudicots? | seed leaf; 1 seed leaf; 2 seed leaves |
| Angiosperm reprod.: male parts | stamen (anther (store pollen) and filament), pollen tube (formed by pollen after attaching to stigma to carry out fertilization) |
| Angiosperm reprod.: female parts (carpels) | stigma (collects pollen), style (tube pollen sends microsporangia down), ovary (contains embryo), ovule (stores female megasporangia) |
| Phylum ginkophyta? | Ginko "biloba" is the only species left, used to enhance memory |
| Phylum pteridophyta? | seedless vascular plants, ferns w/fronds, leaves w/spores |
| Phylum chordata? | dorsal, hollow nerve cord (connects brain w/organs), notocord (forms spinal column), pharyngeal gill slits, post anal tail, 3 subphylums |
| Subphylum vertebrata? | vertebrae surround spinal column, coelomates, bilateral symmetry, closed circulatory system, complete digestive system, kidneys (excretion), cephalization w/complex nervous system, endo skeleton |
| Class agnatha? | Lampreys (jawless fish), attach to side of fish and feed off blood and tissue, larval stage is several years, can be eaten |
| Class osteichthyes? | bony fish/scales/2-chamber heart, operculum (covers gills, allows breath w/o swimming), swim bladder (buoyancy), osmoregulation |
| Class chondrichthyes? | fish w/cartilage, constantly moving (lack swim bladders and operculum), lateral line system (detect wave movement), nares (detect chemicals), countershading |
| Class amphibia? | tetrapods (born in water, live on land), ectotherms/moist skin, 3 chambered heart (2 atria, 1 ventricle), external fertilization |
| Class reptilia? | ectotherms, 3 chambered heart (2 atria, 1 ventricle), terrestrial, amniotic egg to hold embryo, scales |
| Class Reptilia: birds? | feathers/hollow bones, high metabolism, endotherms, 4 chambered heart, amniotic egg, one-way air flow |
| Class mammalia? | hair/mammary glands/3 middle ear bones, monotremes (egg-laying/oviparous), marsupials, placental, 4 chambered hearts, endotherms |
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