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Aquatics2014Final
2014 Mr. Halls Aquatics Science Final Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Coelenterata | phylum name that means "hollow gut" |
| Cnidaria | phylum name for jellyfish & corals - means stinging animal |
| ectoderm | embryologic cell layer -will make skin, bones and nerves -epidermis |
| endoderm | embryologic cell layer - makes gut and assoc. organs - gastrodermis |
| mesoglea | middle jellylike layer in jellyfish |
| acoelomate | animal without a body cavity |
| polyp | sessile, colonial, asexual immature |
| medusa | mobile, solitary, sexual - missing in Anthozoa |
| velum | inner collar of tissue in Hydromedusa |
| Hydrozoa | class of Cnidariams that include fresh water forms |
| alternation of generation | changing of body form during life cycle |
| siphonophora | floating Hydorzoan colonies |
| Portuguese M-o-war | floating colony - dangerous |
| nematocycst | stinging cell |
| cnidocil | modified flagella- acts as trigger for nematocyst |
| penetrant | carries poison - nematocyst |
| glutinent | type of nematocyst that sticks |
| Scyphozoa | true jellyfish, class name - emphasis on Medusa |
| Moon jelly | have horseshoe shaped gonads - Seyphozoan |
| oral arms | diagnostic for Schyphozoa- extensions of manubrium |
| Lion's mane | largest Cnidarian |
| ephyrae | immature jellyfish |
| strobila | young scyphozoan polyp - cut into medusa |
| planula | ciliated plankton form |
| Box Jelly | very dangerous jellyfish in Australia |
| radial -Radiata | body designed in a circle - filter feeding |
| Anthozoa | class name for Anemones and corals |
| zooxanthellae | common sadistic algae in coral tissue |
| mutualism | partnership where both organisms benefit |
| gorgonians | another name for soft corals |
| scleractinia | modern hard corals |
| alcyonaria | soft corals |
| Ctenophora | comb jellies |
| colloblast | sticky cell in comb jellies |
| comb plates | fixed rows of cilia provide movement for ctenophores |
| Bilateral | animals where mirror images down midline |
| Platyhelmenthes | phylum name for flat worms |
| Nemertina | ribbon worms - colorful |
| proboscis | food capturing device in ribbon worms |
| Permian | geologic period of mass extinction. Pangean formed |
| Rotifera | phylum name for wheel worms - have twin bands of cilia |
| Bryozoa | lace or moss animals - tiny polyp like filter feeders, encrust shells |
| Brachiopoda | lamp shells, one shell larger than the other - look like clams |
| lophophore | circlet of tentacles |
| Annelida | phylum name for segmented worms - probably gave rise to Arthropods |
| ppolychaeta | class name for marine annelids- largest group |
| parapodia | fleshy appendages on each segment in Polychaetes - movement |
| Arthropoda | largest phylum - means "jointed leg" |
| cephalothorax | characteristic of crustacean - head and thorax joined |
| Trilobite | most primitive Arthropod - extinct |
| ecdyasis (molting) | shedding of old exoskeleton |
| chitin | polysaccharide that make exoskeleton |
| mesoderm | embryologic cell layer that makes muscle |
| wampum | toothshells - used as $$ for/by Indians |
| plankton net | catches plankton |
| Gastropoda | class name for snails - means "stomach foot" |
| aperature | opening to a snail shell |
| Blue-ringed octopus | very poisonous |
| Echinoidea | class name for sea urchins, sand dollars |
| hermaphrodism | both sexes in one body |
| madreporite | filter for water vascular system |
| torsion | twisting of snails body |
| Scaphopoda | class name for tooth shells - Dentalium |
| Asteroidea | class name for sea stars |
| foot | muscular appendage of molluscs - reason for their success |
| telson | tail of crustacea |
| krill | small crustacean, light organs, split legs - food for baleen whales |
| Crown of thorns | eat corals, starfish |
| female | crab with wide abdominal flap |
| aboral | upper surface of seastar |
| octopus | most intelligent invertrebrate - master of camoflauge |
| water vascular system | system of tube feel in Echinoderms |
| nauplius | planktonic larve of most crustacea |
| squid | largest invertebrate |
| dextral | snail shell that opens to the right |
| Decapoda | class name of crustacean with 10 legs |
| Cephalochordata | chordate with a head |
| deuterstomes | embryonic development where blastopore becomes anus |
| Mollusca | 2nd largest phylum - soft bodies |
| Pelecypoda (Bivalvia) | class name for clams |
| Cambrian | geologic period where Echinoderms, Arthrobods, Molluscs, Chordates appeared |
| theca | main body region of an Echinoderm |
| hollow dorsal nerve cord | characteristic of Chordates - retained throughout life |
| opisthosoma | back half of body of chelicerate (spider) |
| mantle | tissue that secretes shell in molluscs - multicolored in giant clam |
| ambulacral | groove or plate where tube feet are located |
| sinistril | snail shell that opens to the left |
| fiddler | male crab with one large claw |
| notochord | chordate characteristic - ling rod-like structure |
| copepods | microscopic crustacean - imp. 2nd order consumers in ocean |
| choncologist | a person who studies shells |
| nudibranchs | shell-less marine snails - often brightly colored |
| pentamerous | 5 part radial symmetry |
| neotony | condition in nature where the immature form becomes reproductive |
| radula | rasping tongue of snails |
| heterocercal | type of tail fins of sharks where vertebra goes to end |
| lateral line | series of organs on side of fish sensitive to vibration |
| Urochordata | phylum of sea squirts - chordate characteristics in larva only |
| lobe-finned (Sarcopterygia) | believed to give rise to amphibians 1:2:5 bone |
| Cetacea | whales and dolphins |
| ray-finned (Actinopterygia) | modern fish overlapping scales |
| endothermic homoiotherm | warm bloodedness |
| palatoquadrate | upper movable jaw of shark |
| Agnatha | jawless fish - includes lamprey |
| Chondricthyes | jaws; class of sharks and rays |
| Osteichthyes | bony fish |
| Cephalization | having a head |
| Busycon perversum pulleyi | the lightning whelk. Texas state shell |
| Echinodermata | phylum name means "spiny skin"; includes the sea star |
| 1:2:5 | bone formula of terrestrial vertebrates |
| 3 semicicular canal | this sense organ in 3 directions; allows for better sensing in a pelagic lifestyle |
| Amniotic | type of egg that allowed reptiles to move on land |
| Amphibians | Tertrapods:first vertebrates to come on land; had functional limbs; reproduce in water |
| Ampulla of lorenzini | sensory pits found in snout of sharks used in electro-perception |
| Aves | name for birds |
| Baleen | a sieve-plate used by largest whales to strain food |
| Blue Whale | largest animal that every lived |
| Coelocanth | type of lobe-finned fish that was thought to be extinct and was caught off coast of Africa |
| Echo location | method used by Cetaceans in which sound helps them find food |
| Gap & suck | type of feeding used by Telosteans |
| Great White | largest meat-eating shark |
| Keel | name of extensions of the sternum of birds that allows for better muscle attachment |
| Kemp's ridley | small sea turtle spawns during the day and is most endangered species of sea turtle |
| Manatee | friendly sea mammal is found in Florida and is endangered by boat propellers: also called sea cow |
| Melon | large organ located in front of cranium in dolphins; used to help focus sound waves |
| Mystacoceti | family name of Baleen whales |
| Oil-filled liver | sharks are buoyed by this organ |
| Pinnipeds | name of groupo of fin-footed; includes the seal |
| Placoderm | extinct group of heavily armored jawed fishes; first true ossified bones |
| Placoid | scales that sharks have - similar to teeth |
| Porpoise | smallest Cetacean that has flattened teeth and no snout |
| Reptiles | first true terrestrial vertebrates; had amniotic egg; scales on skin and internal fertilization |
| Right whale | whale is considered very endangered; was at one time considered to be the whale of choice because it was easy to kill and it floated when dead |
| Spiricle | opening behind the skull of sharks and rays that allows for water passage |
| Swim bladder | gas filled organ used for buoyancy in bony fish; believed to have given rise to lungs in terrestrial amphibians |
| Temporal fenestra | opening in skull that allowed for better attachment of jaw muscle |
| Whale shark | largest fish (plankton feeder) |
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