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Biology Chapter 1
Themes in the Study of Life: Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Characteristics of Life | 1. Homeostasis and Regulation 2. Reproduction 3. Growth and Development 4. Responsiveness 5. Adaptability and Evolution (gradual change in species) 6. Metabolism 7. Order 8. Made of Cells |
| Homeostasis (Same|State) | Ability to maintain a constant internal environment |
| Negative Feedback | A form of regulation in which the accumulation of the end product of a process slows the process |
| Positive Feedback | A form of regulation in which the end product speeds up its own production |
| Reproduction | To perpetuate the species, to continue the genetic line |
| Growth | Any increase in size or number of cells |
| Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction | Asexual Reproduction(simple): needs one cell 1 cell -> Split -> 2 clone cells....... Sexual Reproduction(complex): needs two cells (parents) egg + sperm -> fertilization -> zygote |
| Development | The cells specialize. The events involved in an organisms changing gradually from a simple to a more complex or specialized form |
| Responsiveness | An ability to react to stimulus ex: touch hot object, birds migrate |
| Adaption | Inherited characteristics of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction and increases biological fitness of an organism |
| Biological Fitness | Measure of how many viable offspring are produced |
| Charles Darwin | Wrote, "On Origin of species by means of Natural Selection" |
| Natural Selection | "Survival of the fittest" nature selects the most "fit" traits that are passed on to the next generation. Passing on the "best genes" |
| DNA | Genetic molecule or the blueprint of life Unity: share in common Diversity: DNA is different between different species and within each individual |
| Metabolism | The sum total of all energy exchanges that occur in cells |
| Anabolism (Ana = build up) | Storing or consumption of energy by the synthesis of bonds usually forming larger molecules from basic building blocks |
| Catabolism (Cata = destroy) | Releasing of energy by the breaking of bonds, usually from larger molecules being broken down into smaller ones |
| Order | The ability to take in raw materials and construct systems of great complexity, all lifeforms exhibit order(nonrandomness) |
| Made of Cells | The smallest units that can carry out the characteristics of life |
| The Cell | The basic unit of life |
| Unicellular | Made up of a single cell |
| Multicellular | Made up of more than one cell |
| Levels of Organization | 1. Subatomic Particles 2. Atom 3. Molecule 4. Organelle 5. Cell 6. Tissue 7. Organ 8. Organ System 9. Organism 10. Population 11. Community 12. Ecosystem 13. Biosphere |
| Subatomic Particles | Parts of an atom ex: electron, proton, neutron |
| Atom | Smallest unit of matter that stills contains the properties of an element ex: H, O, C |
| Molecule | Chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms bonded together ex: H2O (water) |
| Organelle | Parts of cell ex: nucleus, mitochondria |
| Cell | Basic units of life, fundamental units of structure and function ex: muscle cell |
| Tissue | Made up of a group of cells that work together |
| Organ | A body part that carries out a particular function in the body ex: heart, lung, stomach |
| Organ System | A team of organs that cooperate in a larger function ex: cardiovascular system, digestive system |
| Organism | Individual living thing ex: human |
| Population | Consists of all the individuals of a species living in a specified area. They are all capable of reproduction. |
| Community | Interaction between 2 or more species. The entire array of different populations inhabiting and interacting with each other in a given habitat. Ex: human + bacteria, dog + flea |
| Ecosystem (Eco = house) | Consists of all living things in a particular area, along with all nonliving components of the environment |
| Biosphere | All the earth's ecosystems combined, consists of all life on earth and all places life exists |
| Energy Flow in an Ecosystem | Energy flows through a food chain(a sequence of who eats who). Chemical nutrients recycle within the ecosystem's food chain, being constantly reused. Energy is released as heat at every stage. |
| Producer | Called the autotrophs(self|feed), those organisms that produce food for the food chain. They use photosynthesis. |
| Consumers | Called heterotrophs(different|feeder), those organisms that consume other organisms in the food chain. Can include decomposers at any stage. The decomposers will recycle the nutrients back into the environment. Energy is released as heat at every stage. |
| Taxonomy | The study of the classification of living organisms. |
| Prokaryotic | Cells that lack a membrane bound nucleus, contains DNA |
| Eukaryotic | Cells that have a membrane bound nucleus, contains DNA |
| Levels of Taxonomy | 1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum (division) 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species....... Did King Phillip Come Over From Great Spain? |
| Domains | 1. Domain A. Bacteria - Prokaryotic - Monerans B. Archea - Prokaryotic C. Eukary - all eukaryotic Unicellular: Protists, Protozoan, Algae, and Fungi-like Multicellular: Plants, Animals, Fungus |
| Binomial Nomenclature | Using the two levels of taxonomy, Genus and Species, to depict the scientific name of living organisms |
| Biology | The study of life |
Created by:
TimBiology1
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