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LD BIO EXCRETION
LD BIO EXCRETION QUIZ
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| EXCRETION | The process of removing metabolic waste products |
| ELIMINATION/EGESTION | The removal of undigested food or feces. |
| METABOLIC WASTES | Carbon Dioxide, Water, Nitrogenous Compounds, & Mineral Salts |
| CARBON DIOXIDE | From cellular respiration |
| WATER | From cellular respiration |
| NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS | Ammonia, Urea, and Uric Acid - from the breakdown of amino acids during protein digestion |
| MINERAL SALTS | From breakdown of compounds in cells |
| DEAMINATION | The removal of an amino group |
| AMMONIA | Highly toxic and must be removed. |
| PROTISTS | Ameba & Paramecium; Ammonia (NH3) diffuses through the cell membrane into aquatic environments |
| HYDRA | Excretes wastes (CO2, NH3, salts) directly through their endoderm & ectoderm by diffusion |
| ORGANISM EXRETE WASTES (DO NOT LIVE IN WATER) | Convert ammonia (NH3) to less toxic compound called urea or uric acid |
| NH3 | Very toxic; Requires large amounts of water for removal; Microorganisms many invertebrate living in water; freshwater fish |
| UREA | Less toxic, Requires large amounts of water for removal; Human; adult stages of amphibian |
| URIC ACID | Comparatively harmless (insoluble); Present in land animals having limited supply of water; Insects; adults stages of reptiles and birds |
| ADAPTATION IN PLANTS | No specialized organs for excretion; reuse many products of metabolism; give off products no longer useful to them |
| ADAPTATION IN PLANTS | If CO2 and H20 produced in respiration are not used in photosynthesis, gases diffuse into air spaces and pass out the stomata & lenticels. |
| EXCRETION IN EARTHWORMS | Has specialized organs such as the Nephrida (pair of tubes found in most body segments) |
| EXCRETION IN EARTHWORMS | Fluid from the body cavity enters the nephrostome, useful substances are reabsorbed into the bloodstream, waste pass through the bladder & outside the body, Water serves as a solvent for ammonia & salts, & CO2 diffuses through moist skin |
| EXCRETION IN GRASSHOPPER | Has specialized organs such as Malpoghian tubules. |
| EXCRETION IN GRASSHOPPER | Tubules lead from sinus into large intestine, tubules pick up nitrogenous wastes, mineral salts & H2O, Uric acid helps conserve waste for land animals (have limited H20 supply), CO2 diffuses body tissue into tracheal tubes & out of spiracles. |
| EXCRETION ORGANS IN HUMANS | Liver, Kidney, Skin & Lungs |
| EXCRETORY WASTES | Water, Urea, CO2 & Salts |
| RESPIRATION | Wastes Produced: Carbon Dioxide and Water |
| DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS | Wastes Produced: Water |
| PROTEIN & NUCLEIC ACID BREAKDOWN | Wastes Produced: Nitrogenous wastes |
| CERTAIN METABOLIC PROCESSES | Wastes Produced: Mineral Salts |
| LIVER | - Detoxifies blood by removing harmful bacteria, drugs & hormones by changing them to less toxic substances. Kidneys then excrete them. - Remove worn out RBC (RBC survive about 120 days before removed) - Produces urea as nitrogenous waste. |
| OVERLOAD LIVER WITH ALCOHOL | Leads to a disease called Cirrhosis (Tissue becomes overgrown with excess tissue that cuts down blood flow, limiting the amt of purification that takes place. Can also cease functioning and result in death. |
| TOO MUCH PROTEIN IN BLOOD | Amino Acids are broken down by deamination. NH2 + CO2 = urea (nontoxic & soluble in water) |
| HUMAN URINARY SYSTEM | Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, & Urethra |
| HOMEOSTASIS IN KIDNEY | - Remove wastes of cellular metabolism from blood - Regulate the concentration of slats & other substances |
| RENAL ARTERY | Blood enters the kidney |
| RENEAL VEINS | Blood leaves the kidney |
| MAJOR PART OF KIDNEY | Cortex, Medulla, & Pelvis |
| CORTEX | Outer part of kidney, filters blood |
| MEDULLA | Middle part of kidney, has collecting ducts to carry filtrate to Pelvis |
| PELVIS | Inner part of kidney, drains to ureters. |
| NEPHRONS | filters approx 1.25 millions in each kidney |
| GLOMERULUS | group of capillaries that form a tight ball |
| BOUMAN'S CAPSULE | Blood filters into the double walled structure surrounding the glomerulus |
| RENAL TUBAL | Filtrate empties into the collecting duct. Some reabsorption takes place in the loop of Henle which extends in the medulla |
| KINDEY THRESHOLD LEVEL | If blood sugar is too high, glucose is not reabsorbed. Excess remains in urine and is excreted |
| URINE | Made up of water, urea, & various salts. Bladder holds approx. 470 ml |
| KIDNEY STONES | Crystallized substances in the kidney or urinary tract |
| DIALYSIS | If both kidneys fail, then you need to use this to filter blood. |
| SKIN | - 1st line of defense in keeping micro-organisms & foreign materials from entering the body. - excretes urea & salt in sweat - removes heat by opening blood vessels wider increasing blood through capillaries & as sweat evaporates it cools the body. |
| EPIDERMIS | Outer Layer of skin |
| EPIDERMIS | - Deepest portion has rapid dividing cells. These cells get pushed farther away & die. This layer is replaced as it wears away. - Hardened dead epithelial cells are protected by Keratin, a waterproofing protein. |
| DERMIS | Inner layer of skin |
| DERMIS | - Elastic connective tissue that supports the skin & binds it it muscle & bone lying beneath it. - Has blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, sense receptors, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles. - Fat layer or adipose is below the layer |
| SEBACEOUS GLANDS | Produce oily secretions to protect skin & hair. |
| LUNGS | Rid the body of CO2 & H2O in the form of water vapor. |
Created by:
desilva13
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