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urinary system
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| antidiuretic hormone | A polypeptide hormone secreted by the posterior portion of the pituitary gland that constricts blood vessels, raises blood pressure, and reduces excretion of urine. Also called vasopressin . |
| adrenal cortex | The outer part of the adrenal gland, consisting of the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata, and the zona reticularis and yielding various steroid hormones. |
| afferent and efferent arterioles | a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems. They play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. |
| bowman's capsule | a membranous, double-walled capsule surrounding a glomerulus of a nephron. |
| collecting duct | he collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter. |
| glomerulus | Also called Malpighian tuft. a tuft of convoluted capillaries in the nephron of a kidney, functioning to remove certain substances from the blood before it flows into the convoluted tubule. |
| homeostasis | the tendency of a system, especially the physiological system of higher animals, to maintain internal stability, owing to the coordinated response of its parts to any situation or stimulus that would tend to disturb its normal condition or function. |
| kidney | either of a pair of bean-shaped organs in the back part of the abdominal cavity that form and excrete urine, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and act as endocrine glands. |
| loop of henle | he part of a nephron between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules that extends, in a loop, from the cortex into the medulla of the kidney. |
| metabolic waste | substances left over from excretory processes, which cannot be used by the organism (they are surplus or have lethal effect), and must therefore be excreted. |
| nephron | the filtering and excretory unit of the kidney, consisting of the glomerulus and tubules. |
| nitrogenous waste | Urine (from Latin Urina, ae, f.) is a typically sterile liquid by-product of the body secreted by the kidneys |
| osmotic gradient | The process of osmosis over a semi-permeable membrane, the blue dots represent particles driving the osmotic gradient. |
| peritubular capillary network | In the renal system, peritubular capillaries are tiny blood vessels that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron. |
| posterior pituitary | a small, somewhat cherry-shaped double structure attached by a stalk to the base of the brain and constituting the master endocrine gland affecting all hormonal functions in the body, consisting of an anterior region ((anterior pituitary) or (adenohypoph |
| proximal and distal convoluted tubules | a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system. |
| reabsorption of water | The major functions of these lining cells are the reabsorption of water and small molecules from the filtrate into the blood, |
| renal cortex | the cortex of the kidney containing the glomeruli and the convoluted tubules |
| renal medulla | The renal medulla is the innermost part of the kidney. The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as the renal pyramids. |
| renal pelvis | a small funnel-shaped cavity of the kidney into which urine is discharged before passing into the ureter |
| selective reabsorption | Selective reabsorption(also known as glomerular tubule filtrate process). A basic outline of the process of selective reabsorption[edit]. |
| tubular excretion | This filtrate then flows along the length of the nephron, which is a tubular ... and magnesium compete, and an excess of one can lead to excretion of the other. |
| urea | a compound, CO(NH 2 ) 2 , occurring in urine and other body fluids as a product of protein metabolism |
| ureter | a muscular duct or tube conveying the urine from a kidney to the bladder or cloaca. |
| urethra | the membranous tube that extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior and that in the male conveys semen as well as urine. |
| urinary bladder | a distensible, muscular and membranous sac, in which the urine is retained until it is discharged from the body. |
Created by:
davis avery
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