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OAT Bio

Chapter 4 - Embryology

TermDefinition
Embryology study of development of unicellular zygote into a multicellular organism
Fertilization egg fertilized within 12-24 hours after ovulation
Cleavage rapid mitotic divisions; indeterminate cleavage leads to identical twins; determinate cleavage leads to cells whose differentiation path is determined early
Differentiation specialization of cells during development
after 72 hrs when eight-celled embryo enters uterus
Morula solid ball of embryonic cells formed in early development
Blastulation when morula gets a fluid-filled cavity called blastocoel
blastula hollow sphere of cells after the 4th day of cell division
Gastrulation once in uterus, single-cell layer of blastula is transformed into three-layered gastrula
Ectoderm Integument (hair nails skin nose etc), lens of eye, retina, and nervous system
Endoderm epithelial linings of digestive and respiratory tracts, pancreas, liver, etc
Mesoderm musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, excretory, gonads, tissue, organs of digestive and respiratory systems
External Development early development outside of mother's body (land or water)
Chorion lines the inside of the shell and permits gas exchange
Allantois saclike structure involved in respiration and excretion, has blood vessels to transport shit
Amnion membrane tht encloses amniotic fluid
Amniotic fluid aqueous environment that protects embryo from shock
yolk sac encloses yolk, has blood vessels to transfer food to embryo
placenta gas exchange in fetus occurs across this
Labor 1.cervix thins and dilates, mild contractions, amniotic sac ruptures 2. rapid contractions, birth of baby 3. placenta expelled, uterus contracts
Epicotyl precursor of upper stem and leaves
Cotyledons seed leaves (dicots have two, monocots have one)
Hypocotyl develops into lower stem and root
Endosperm (plant) grows and feeds embryo
Seed coat develops from outer covering of the ovule
Seed Dispersal fruit enables seed to be carried more frequently/effectively by air water or animals
Apical Meristem found at tips of roots and stems; growth in length at these points
Lateral Meristem aka cambium, located btwn xylem and phloem; permits growth in diameter (girth), can differentiate into new xylem and phloem cells; woody dicots
Created by: JaeBae4444
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