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Chapter 11-14
Living Organisms and Ecosystems-SSMS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pollination | the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma |
| reproduction | the natural process among organisms by which new individuals are generated and the species perpetuated |
| fertilization | In plants, pollen grains, containing the male sex cells, enter the female sex cells in the pistil; from this union, fruit eventually grows. When fertilization occurs within a single flower, we call it self-fertilization |
| ovules | the plant part that contains the embryo sac and hence the female germ cell, which after fertilization develops into a seed |
| stamens | the pollen-bearing organ of a flower, consisting of the filament and the anther |
| petal | one of the often colored segments of the corolla of a flower |
| sepals | one of the individual leaves or parts of the calyx of a flower |
| pistils | the ovule-bearing or seed-bearing female organ of a flower, consisting when complete of ovary, style, and stigma |
| anther | the pollen-bearing part of a stamen |
| chloroplast | a plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments, occurring in plants and algae that carry out photosynthesis |
| chlorophyll | the green pigment of plants and photosynthetic algae and bacteria that traps the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis |
| pigment | a colored substance used to color other materials |
| photosynthesis | the process in which organisms use water along with sunlight and carbon dioxide to make their own food |
| transpiration | the passage of water through a plant from the roots through the vascular system to the atmosphere |
| carbon dioxide | a colorless, odorless gas that is exhaled by animals and absorbed by plants |
| respiration | the process by which organisms exchange gases, especially oxygen and carbon dioxide, with the environment |
| stimuli | something that incites to action or exertion or quickens action, feeling, thought, etc. |
| tropisms | an orientation of an organism to an external stimulus, as light, especially by growth rather than by movement |
| food chain | a series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy |
| food web | the pattern of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem |
| energy pyramid | a diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web |
| energy | the ability to do work or cause change |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| ecosystems | the community of organisms that live in particular area, along with their nonliving surroundings |
| producer | an organism that can make its own food |
| biotic factors | a living part of an organism's habitat |
| abiotic factor | a nonliving part of an organism |
| consumer | an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms |
| herbivore | consumer that eats only plants |
| carnivore | a consumer that eats only animals |
| omnivore | a consumer that eats both plants and animals |
| scavenger | a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms |
| decomposer | an organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms |
| competition | the struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resource |
| predation | an interaction in which one organism kills another for food |
| predator | the organism that does the killing in a predation interaction |
| prey | an organism that is killed and eaten by another organism |
| symbiosis | a close relationship between species that benefits at least one of the species |
| mutualism | a relationship between two species in which both species benefit |
| commensalisms | a relationship between two species in which one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
| parasitism | a relationship in which one organism lives on or in a host and harms it |
| parasite | the organism that benefits by living on or in a host in a parasitism interaction |
| host | the organism that a parasite lives in or on in a parasitism interaction |
Created by:
autumn.crandall
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