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Cells Genetics
Key Terms Cell Reproduction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Punnett Square | mathematical chart used to predict the possible outcomes for offspring from a specific crossing of two parents. |
| Genotype | letters (capital and lower case) used to represent the section of DNA that codes for a specific gene |
| Allele | different forms of a gene (like T or t; tall or short) |
| Phenotype | words used to describe the outward appearance of an individual for a specific trait (coded for by a gene)(like tall, shot, freckles, blue eyes) |
| Genes | section of the DNA that carry the info for the trait of an organism such as hair color, eye color |
| Dominant and Recessive Gene | occurs because the new pair of alleles may carry two versions of the same trait, traits do not blend together. The one that is stronger (dominant) will show up in the organism, the weaker (recessive allele) will carry, not show up in offspring. |
| Heredity | passing of the traits from parents to offspring |
| Gametes | the specialized cells with half the genetic information from the parent that is formed during meiosis (sperm in males/eggs in females) |
| Meiosis | process of nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosomes in new cells to half the number in the original cell |
| Zygote | the fusion of a sperm and an egg (fertilized cell) |
| Asexual Reproduction | when cells and organisms produce using only the genetic info from one parent(produces large numbers of offspring with the exact genetic information as the parent) |
| Homozygous Dominant | if the alleles from both parents are the dominant form of the trait, the are represented by the two upper case letters such as BB, TT, PP |
| Homozygous Recessive | if the allele from both parents are the recessive form of the trait, they will be represented by lower case letter (bb, tt, pp) |
| Heterozygous | means if the alleles from both parents have one dominate and one recessive version of the gene, they will be represented by one lower case and one upper case(Bb, Tt) |
| Diploid | a cell that contains both sets chromosomes of a homologous pair (All human cells except reproductive cells are diploid) |
| Haploid | cells containing only one set of chromosomes (human sperm cells and egg cells) |
Created by:
denise hartman
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