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KidneyStructure
KidneyStructureACBio12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that increases the permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidney |
| adrenal cortex | outer portion of the adrenal gland; secretes mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterine, glucocorticoids, such as cortisol |
| afferent and efferent arterioles | efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus, afferent arterioles branch from the renal artery, which supplies blood to the kidneys. The afferent arterioles later diverge into the capillaries of the glomerulus. |
| aldosterone | steroid hormone produced by the outer section of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland |
| Bowman's capsule | cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney that performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine |
| collecting duct | consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter. It participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone. |
| glomerulus | capillary network within the glomerular capsule in a nephron, where glomerular filtration takes place. |
| homeostasis | property of a system in which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively constant |
| hypothalamus | link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis) |
| kidney | keeping the osmolality, electrolyte amount, and pH of the body fluids constant |
| loop of Henle | reabsorbs water from filtrate to create a more concentrated urine |
| metabolic waste | Metabolic wastes or excretes are substances left over from excretory processes, which cannot be used by the organism, and must therefore be excreted. |
| nephron | basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine |
| nitrogenous waste | Urine is a typically sterile liquid by-product of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra |
| osmotic gradient | the difference in concentration between two solutions on either side of a semipermeable membrane, and is used to tell the difference in percentages of the concentration of a specific particle dissolved in a solution. |
| peritubular capillary network | surrounds the convoluted tubules of the nephron, reunite to form an interlobular vein |
| posterior pituitary | collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary, and is also a store for the later release of neurohypophysial hormones. |
| pressure filtration | the filtrate that passes from the lumen of the glomerular capillary to the space of Bowman's capsule. |
| proximal and distal convoluted tubules | proximal- reabsorbes glucose, amino acids, phosphate, potassium, urea, and other organic solutes from the filtrate. distal - regulates pH and water by absorbing bicarbonate and secreting hydrogen ins. |
| reabsorption on water | the act or process of absorbing again, as the absorption by the kidneys of substances |
| renal cortex | part of the kidney where ultrafiltration occurs |
| renal medulla | contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood |
| renal pelvis | The major function of the renal pelvis is to act as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter. |
| selective reabsorption | Selective reabsorption only lets specific things be absorbed |
| tubular excretion | In physiology, reabsorption or tubular reabsorption is the flow of glomerular filtrate from the proximal tubule of the nephron into the peritubular capillaries, or from the urine into the blood |
| urea | a colorless crystalline compound that is the main nitrogenous breakdown product of protein metabolism in mammals and is excreted in urine. |
| ureter | the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder or cloaca. |
| urethra | the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder, and which in male vertebrates also conveys semen. |
| urinary bladder | a membranous sac for temporary retention of urine |
| urine | sterile liquid by-product of the body secreted by the kidneys |
Created by:
acabrera
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