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Nur-354
Skin, Oral and Laryngeal Cancer
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What time of the day should be avoided to limit sun exposure? | 10:00 AM until 4:00 PM |
| When should you apply SPF 15 (30)? | Apply 20-30 minutes before exposure and reapply every 2 hours |
| Furosemide (Lasix), diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Azithromycin (Zithromax) and Tetracycline are medications that do what in regards to the sun? | Increase sun sensitivity |
| This largest organ of the body serves protection, barrier, temperature regulation and aesthetic purposes | Skin |
| Squamous cells, basal cells and melanocytes are cells of this skin layer | Epidermis |
| This is the most common cancer of all cancers with 3.5 million cases per year | Skin cancer |
| Fair skin, chronic UV exposure, and family history are risk factors for what type of cancer? | Skin cancer |
| Blue eyes, green eyes, and red or blonde hair are attributes of what skin type? | Fair skin |
| Non-melanoma and melanoma are the types of what cancer? | Skin cancer |
| Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the two types of this skin cancer | Non-melanoma skin cancer |
| This is the most common type of non-melanoma skin cancer | Basal cell carcinoma |
| This type of non-melanoma skin cancer has the best prognosis | Basal cell carcinoma |
| This type of non-melanoma skin cancer tends to stay localized | Basal cell carcinoma |
| This type of non-melanoma skin cancer affects middle-aged to older adults | Basal cell carcinoma |
| This type of non-melanoma skin cancer affects the face most often | Basal cell carcinoma |
| This type of non-melanoma skin cancer appears rolled with a well-defined border and central erosion | Basal cell carcinoma |
| This is the second most common type of non-melanoma skin cancer | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| This type of non-melanoma skin cancer is highly aggressive | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| This type of non-melanoma skin cancer may metastasize | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| This type of non-melanoma skin cancer occurs where there was previously damaged skin (sunburn or areas of injury) | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| This type of non-melanoma skin cancer appears rough, thickened, scaly, and may bleed | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| This is the most deadly type of skin cancer | Melanoma |
| How is the prognosis of melanoma determined? | By the thickness |
| Sites of this type of skin cancer include the skin, eyes, and mucus membranes | Melanoma |
| Melanoma affects the lower legs and back of this gender most often | Females |
| Melanoma affects the trunk, head and neck of this gender most often | Males |
| When assessing the clinical manifestations of melanoma, the mnemonic ABCDE is used; what does the "A" stand for? | Asymmetry; some are flat and some are raised |
| When assessing the clinical manifestations of melanoma, the mnemonic ABCDE is used; what does the "B" stand for? | Border irregularity |
| When assessing the clinical manifestations of melanoma, the mnemonic ABCDE is used; what does the "C" stand for? | Color variation; part of it is darker, light brown or red |
| When assessing the clinical manifestations of melanoma, the mnemonic ABCDE is used; what does the "D" stand for? | Diameter; > 6 mm (size of eraser on pencil) |
| When assessing the clinical manifestations of melanoma, the mnemonic ABCDE is used; what does the "E" stand for? | Evolving appearance; getting bigger, bleeding when it never had, etc. |
| This type of cancer can include the sinuses, oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and larynx | Head and neck cancer |
| This type of cancer begins in squamous cells that line mucosal sufaces | Head and neck cancer |
| Prolonged alcohol and tobacco use are risk factors for this type of cancer | Head and neck cancer |
| Which gender is most at risk for head and neck cancer? | Male |
| What is the age of onset of head and neck cancer? | > 50 years |
| Which race is at highest risk for head and neck cancer? | African Americans |
| Poor nutrition is a risk factor for this type of cancer | Head and neck cancer |
| Painless oral ulcer or growth is a clinical manifestation of what type of cancer? | Head and neck cancer |
| These are white plaques of oral cancer | Leukoplakia |
| These are red plaques of oral cancer | Erythroplakia |
| Hoarseness or voice change and a feeling of a lump in the throat are clinical manifestations of what type of cancer? | Head and neck cancer |
| Late signs of this type of cancer include pain from the pressure the cancer exerts on other things, dysphagia, airway obstruction and lymphadenopathy | Head and neck cancer |
| This is an examination of the back of the throat including the voice box (larynx) and vocal cords | Laryngoscopy |
| Besides a laryngoscopy, what other diagnostic tests are used for head and neck cancer? | CT scan, MRI, PET scan |
| How is a definitive diagnosis for head and neck cancer obtained? | Biopsy |
| What system is used to stage head and neck cancer? | TNM - tumor size, nodes affected, and metastasis extent |
| If head and neck cancer is stage 1 or 2, what treatment is done as a cure? | Surgery |
| If head and neck cancer is stage 3 or 4, can surgery be used as a cure? | No, other interventions need to be done |
| This surgical procedure involves the removal of the vocal cords | Total laryngectomy |
| In the process of a laryngectomy, this describes the removal of all of the lymph nodes | Radical neck dissection |
| In the process of a laryngectomy, this describes the removal of some of the lymph nodes | Modified neck dissection |
| In the process of a laryngectomy, the salivary glands could be damaged; what could be the result of this? | Dry mouth |
| Following a laryngectomy, this swallowing technique can be utilized because of postoperative swallowing difficulties | Supraglottic swallow |
| The steps of this process involve (1) holding breath, (2) bearing down (Valsalva maneuver), (3) food in mouth, (4) swallow, and (5) cough | Supraglottic swallow |
| What does the supraglottic swallow prevent? | Keeps food out of the airway |
| This procedure leaves a large incision that looks like a right side "T" connected to an upside down "Y" | Tracheotomy |
| This type of drain will be used to drain fluid from a tracheostomy | Penrose drains |
| This is the postoperative position for a patient following a laryngectomy | Semi-Fowler's position |
| Voice rehabilitation is necessary following what type of procedure? | Laryngectomy |
| Stoma care and daily cleansing are a part of patient education following what procedure? | Laryngectomy |
| Can someone who had a laryngectomy swim? | No - need to avoid getting water inside the stoma |
| What purpose does wearing a loose scarf over a stoma post-laryngectomy serve? | Keeps dirt out of the stoma |
| Should oral intake be increased or decreased following a laryngectomy? | Fluids should be increased to thin secretions |
| Patients who have a stoma should have this on their person to alert others to the stoma's existence | Medic alert bracelet |
| True or False: Once a patient has healed from a laryngectomy, they will be able to stop using the supraglottic swallow technique | False; will have to use the rest of their lives |
Created by:
ssbourbon
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