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ELECTROLYTE'S
The Basics and Im balances
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sodium is ....... | The most abundant electrolyte found in ECF |
| Its normal levels are .... | 135-145 mEq/L |
| When sodium imbalance occurs it triggers ... | the hypothalamus which triggers thirst |
| Fluid intake occurs which increases ... | the volume of the ECF and decreases the osmolality |
| The hormones ADH is secreted .... | to retain water to dilute the sodium |
| An increase in ECF is going to cause.... | increased blood pressure |
| The kidneys are activated .... | to release the excess sodium |
| Water in the cells will follow sodium so .... | water will leave the cells to the ECF causing cellular dehydration |
| Cellular dehydration leads to ..... | neurologic symptoms |
| Signs/symptoms of Hypernatremia are .... | confusion, thirst, flushed skin, low urine output, restlessness, increased heart rate, convulsions, and postural hypotension |
| Caused by ...... | vomiting, diarrhea, diaphoresis and insufficient ADH |
| Treatment for hypernatremia is ... | correcting fluid imbalance |
| Low level of sodium is called .... | hyponatremia |
| Hyponatremia is either a .... | deficiency of sodium or dilutional ( hypervolemia) |
| Causes of hyponatremia are .... | vomiting, diarrhea, diaphoresis with only water replacement, excessive secretion of ADH like in SIADH, CHF, cirrhosis |
| Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia are ..... | confusion, headache, muscle weakness, fatigue, abdominal cramps, and orthostatic hypotension |
| Treatment for hyponatremia is ..... | restriction of fluids while the kidneys excrete excess water, Lasix, sodium replacement therapy |
| Potassium is ....... | found in the ICF |
| Its main role is to .... | maintain fluid volume in the cell, cardiac/skeletal/smooth muscle contractions & nerve impulse conduction, metabolism of carbs and proteins(insulin and K+ necessary to move glucose into ICF) |
| Normal potassium levels are .... | 3.5-5 mEq/L |
| When K+ levels rise it is called .... | Hyperkalemia |
| Hyperkalemia is caused by ...... | renal failure, DKA, adrenal insufficiency |
| Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia are .... | tachycardia, diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps, weakness, paresthesia, anxiety, abdominal cramps, decreased urine output |
| Treatment for hyperkalemia is ... | Kayexalate (promotes excretion of excess K+ through the GI tract), IV calcium gluconate to decrease the effect of K+ on the myocardium |
| When K+ levels fall it is called .... | hypokalemia |
| Hypokalemia is caused by ....... | vomiting, diarrhea, NG suctioning, potassium wasting diuretics, corticosteroids |
| Hypokalemia may result in ...... | potentially fatal heart rhythms |
| Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia are .... | dysrhythmias, dyspnea, shallow respirations, confusion, muscle cramps, weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal distention, polyuria, nocturia |
| Treatment for hypokalemia is ....... | potassium replacement by oral or IV |
Created by:
valina1375
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