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Acid Base Imbalance
Acidosis vs. Alkalosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Water intake is controlled by? | Thirst (thirst is a late sign of hypovolemia) |
| What hormone regulates water reabsorption? | ADH |
| What are sign/symptoms of Hypovolemia? | tachycardia, decreased blood pressure, cool & dry skin, weakness, confusion, decreased cardiac output |
| What can cause water loss? | hemorrhage, burns, diarrhea, diabetes insipidus, vomiting, sweating, and diuretic/laxative medication abuse |
| What are signs/symptoms of Hypervolemia? | wheezing, dry cough, edema, increased respirations, dyspnea, increased blood pressure, decreased pulse |
| What are causes of fluid imbalance? | suctioning, fistulas, steroids, diuretics, HF, kidney failure, diarrhea, vomiting, burns, diabetes insipidus, SIADH. |
| Acidosis affects what systems in the body? | Cardiac, CNS, neuromuscular, and respiratory |
| What are signs/symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis? | tachycardia, headache, sweating, lethargy and confusion, hypoventilation (can be a cause) |
| ABG's of Respiratory Acidosis? | pH levels decreased, CO2 levels increased |
| What is Metabolic Acidosis? | The breakdown of fatty acids causing an increase in pH |
| What are causes of Metabolic Acidosis? | alcohol poisoning, aspirin toxicity, DKA, starvation, excessive exercise, seizures, diarrhea, shock, renal failure, DKA |
| ABG's of Metabolic Acidosis? | pH level is decreased HCO-3 is decreased |
| What are signs/symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis? | Changes in LOC, headache, vomiting, anorexia, muscle weakness, hyperventilation, Kussmaul breathing, |
| What is Respiratory Alkalosis? | Excessive loss of carbon dioxide through rapid respirations (hyperventilation) |
| Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis? | fear, anxiety, fever, CNS tumors, medications such as progesterone and epinephrine, gram negative septicemia |
| What are sign/symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis? | rapid deep breathing, increased heart rate, dizziness, tingling or numbness of the fingers. ASSESSMENT OF THE RATE AND DEPTH OF RESPIRATIONS IS THE KEY OBSERVATION FOR THIS CONDITION. |
| What can cause Respiratory Acidosis? | respiratory diseases like pneumonia, drowning, drug overdose, obesity, chest wall injury, acute respiratory failure. |
| ABG's of Respiratory Alkalosis? | pH levels increase CO2 is decreased |
| Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis? | prolonged NG suctioning, excessive vomiting, diuretics |
| What are the signs/symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis? | headache, irritability, lethargy, changes in LOC, confusion, slow and shallow respirations, cramps, tachycardia |
| Normal pH lab value .... | 7.35-7.45 |
| Normal PaCO2 lab value .... | 45-35 |
| Normal HCO3 lab value .... | 22-26 |
| Physiologic buffers are.... | renal and pulmonary |
| Chemical buffers are .... | phosphate, protein and bicarbonate |
| What hormone promotes water excretion? | Aldosterone |
Created by:
valina1375
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