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SLS Bio11 Micro

SLS Bio11 Microbiology

TermDefinition
ANTIBODY a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen.
ANTIGEN a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes.
HOST CELL an cell in which a virus uses to reproduce.
LYMPHOCYTE a form of small leukocyte (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occurring esp. in the lymphatic system.
LYSOGENIC CYCLE the biological process in which a bacterium is infected by a bacteriophage that integrates its DNA into that of the host such that the host is not destroyed
LYTIC CYCLE The lytic cycle results in the destruction of the infected cell and its membrane
MEMBRANOUS ENVELOPE a double layer of lipid, containing some proteins, that surrounds biological cells and some of their internal structures
MUCOUS MEMBRANE an epithelial tissue that secretes mucus and that lines many body cavities and tubular organs.
NUCLEIC ACID CORE a core is the part of a nuclear reactor where binary fission occurs.
PHAGOCYTIC WHITE BLOOD CELL a white blood cell that engulfs and absorbs waste material, harmful microorganisms, or other foreign bodies in the bloodstream and tissues.
PRIMARY LINE OF DEFENCE include your skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, urine flow, ‘friendly’ bacteria and white blood cells called neutrophils.
PROTEIN CAPSID A capsid is the protein shell of a virus.
RNA Ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins.
SECONDARY LINE OF DEFENCE a group of cells, tissues and organs that work together to protect the body. This is the immune system.
TERTIARY LINE OF DEFENCE includes acquired and innate immunity.
VIRAL SPECIFICITY Viruses are highly specific and can only attack particular cells of a particular organism.
WHITE BLOOD CELL cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease
AEROBIC RESPIRATION A form of cellular respiration that requires oxygen in order to generate energy.
ANTIBIOTIC a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.
ANTISEPTIC substances that prevent the growth of disease-causing microorganisms.
BACTERIA a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms that have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.
BINARY FISSION when a cell divides into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts into separate cells.
CLASSIFICATION the action or process of classifying something according to shared qualities or characteristics.
CONJUGATION the formation or existence of a link or connection between things, in particular.
DISINFECTANT a chemical liquid that destroys bacteria.
ECOLOGICAL ROLE The ecological role and space that an organism fills in an ecosystem.
FERMENTATION the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.
MOTILITY Zoology & Botany (of cells, gametes, and single-celled organisms) capable of motion.
MUTATE/MUTATION the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
PROKARYOTE a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles.
RESISTANT resistant to a particular infection or toxin owing to the presence of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.
Created by: ahokanson
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